Vol 19, No 2 (2014)

Necrotizing pneumonia caused by S. aureus is infrequent, but very serious illness with a high mortality. Pneumonia arises mainly in children and young adults, develops within several days is accompanied with multiple necroses in lung tissue, often leads to a lethal outcome. The feature ofpathogen is ability to formation ofpore-forming toxin destroying different cells in the body including polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The previous virus infection, for example flu, is considered a contributing factor or the co-infection which creates prerequisites for destruction ofneutrophils in lungs with appearance ofnecroses. S. aureus is not the most frequent causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia therefore empirical therapy does not include antibiotics with the activity against staphylococci which are sensitive or resistant to oxacyllin/meticyllin. As a result empirical regimen of antibacterial therapy appears not to be effective. Early clinical signs are a high fever, blood in the sputum, the presence of cavities in the lungs, a rapid increase in respiratory failure. The microscopy of sputum with detection o a large number of staphylococci allows to establish pathogen at an early stage, before obtaining results oif microbiological tests to prove application ofantibiotics active against staphylococci, and after receiving microbiological data to carry out the final correction ovf antibacterial therapy. Respiratory virus infection preceding peumonia or adverse epidemiological situation (flu epidemic) also is the justification for empiric application of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics in community acquired pneumonia.

Under investigation of the dynamics of pathogenicity factors H. pylori (LPS/O-antigen markers VacA and high molecular weight proteins (HMWP) (including CagA) in the body ofpatients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) of different etiology there were established seasonal patterns in feces and serum circulating immune complexes (CIC): LPS/O-antigen markers and H. pylori VacA included in CIC. The detection rate and levels of markers of H. pylori in patients who had AVH in January-April exceeded similar indices in patients whi had AVH in May-August. We believe that these data should be considered in the assessment of the results of the diagnosis ofH. pylori and results of eradication therapy.

The comparative analysis of the genome regions associated with virulence in various V. cholerae strains: classical biovar, as well as typical and genetically altered strains of El Tor biovar was performed with the use of PCR assays and fragment sequencing. V. cholerae classical biovar genome was demonstrated to be more stable in comparison with the same in V. cholerae El Tor biovar. Within the genome of El Tor vibrios there were identified extensive variable regions carrying pathogenicity genes. It was also found that unlike classical cholera vibrios, in the V. cholerae El Tor genome there is absent CRISPR-system limiting horizontal transfer of the genes. The obtained data concerning these structural peculiarities of V. cholerae El Tor genome may be used in the delivery of the new generations of gene-diagnostic preparations and for improvement of molecular-epidemiological monitoring in case of cholera.

The aim of this review is to analyze the modern epidemiological and molecular-genetic data concerning development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C. There were considered peculiarities of the occurrence of this pathology in adult patients and children with hepatitis C.

As a result of comparative application of enzyme immunoassay "Anti-West Nile virus ELISA-IgM" of the company "Euroimmun AG" (Germany) and "BioScrin-WNV-IgM", produced by ZAO Biotech company "Bioservice» (Russia), intended for serodiagnosis of West Nile fever there was established very low specificity of "Anti-West Nile ELISA-IgM", which is manifested in the registration of false positive results.