Vol 22, No 2 (2017)

In the period of the epidemic rise in the incidence rate of influenza in 2015-2016 on the basis of infectious hospitals in Simferopol, Arkhangelsk and Samara, there performed a multicenter to evaluate the effectiveness and economic feasibility of two alternative treatment regimens for influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 patients. The study included 88 patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Patients of the main group (n = 46) received complex therapy with the use of antiviral (oseltamivir) and immunomodulating (interferon gamma) agents. Patients of the control group (n = 40) received only antiviral therapy (oseltamivir). To assess the effectiveness and economic feasibility of the two different treatment regimens, the outcome of the disease was analyzed: the discharge the hospital up to the 10th day of the illness and no symptoms of the disease by the 3-6th day of treatment. The supplementation of recombinant interferon gamma in the treatment regimen of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 patients was found to promote the faster release of catarrhal and respiratory symptoms of the disease: the absence of dry cough by the 3-6th day of treatment (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.86 - 2.38), rhinitis (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05-1.40) and dyspnea (RR= 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.54). In addition, the supplementation of recombinant interferon gamma in the treatment regimen of patients with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 promoted a significant shortening of time of the recovery and discharge from the hospital (RR =1.39, 95% CI: 0.97 - 2.00). Clinical and economic analysis of the use of two alternative treatment regimens has shown the supplementation of recombinant interferon gamma in the therapy of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 patients to be economically favorable

In epidemiology, traditionally it is accepted to separately consider the epidemic process of specific infections. However, in the human population at the same time many pathogens circulate and cause disease in people. The question remains to be open: does every epidemic process in the each case occurs as alone or being interconnected with the epidemic process of other infectious diseases? The implementation of the integration method in the study of the spread of causal pathogens with similar transmission mechanism contributes to a more objective conclusion on this issue. The purpose of the research is a comparative epidemiological estimation of the long-term and annual dynamics of the morbidity rate of hepatitis A (HA), shigellosis Sonnei and Flexneri. Materials and methods.There were used data of the official accounting of the incidence of hepatitis A and shigellosis Sonnei and Flexneri in the total population of the Primorsky territory for 1986-2014. The treatment of obtained results was carried out with the use of techniques of epidemiological diagnosis, conventional statistical methods and computer applications Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. The obtained results showed the long-term prevalence rate of hepatitis to be in the opposite phase as the prevalence rate of shigellosis Flexneri, and Sonnei. The periods and maximums in the annual dynamics of the incidence of specified infections also did not coincide. Conclusion. Epidemiс process of these infections develops autonomously. However, its autonomy is relative and possibly is implemented through evolutionary established of integrative and competitive interrelationships between the agents.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a widespread disease. Currently, there are no clear data on the seasonality of IM, and factors affecting on the dynamics of the disease are not determined. The aim of the study was to investigate the seasonal factors affecting on the dynamics of IM incidence rate among children and adult population of the city of Nizhny Novgorod. A retrospective analysis of the incidence rate of IM among contingents of the different age in the city of Nizhny Novgorod in 2010-2015 was executed. The highest incidence rate was shown to be observed in children aged up to 6 years. The seasonal dynamics of the incidence rate of IM in different age groups was analyzed. The seasonal component derived from the decomposition of the time series of incidence rate was used for the analysis. The presence of the spring and autumn periods of seasonal rise and summer period of seasonal fall of the incidence rate, was shown regardless of the age of the group. The change of power of the impact of seasonal factors on the incidence rate of IM was found in 2010-2015. Over 6 years the contribution of seasonal factors in the incidence rate decreased in children under 13 years and, on the contrary, increased in adolescents over 13 years and adults. The dependence of the seasonal dynamics of the incidence rate of IM on climatic factors: temperature, humidity, precipitation and insolationwas studied. In children under 6 years and adults a negative correlation of the seasonal component values and the air temperature and precipitation values was found. In children aged of 7-13 years there was established a negative correlation between seasonal incidence rate of IM values and the air temperature and insolation values, as well as the positive correlation of the humidity values. In adolescents aged of 14-17 years a negative correlation of seasonal component values and the air temperature and insolation values was found.

In the paper there were studied qualitative properties of the dominant nosocomial wound and respiratory pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) over a 3-years period of the observation in hospital emergency medical care in two ways. The first pharmacoepidemiological approach was based on the estimated consumption of the main classes of antimicrobial agents and the occurrence of resistant isolates, the second method assumes a histogram reflecting statistical distribution of values of the inhibition diameter of zone of the growth of colonies of microorganisms. Two methods were proved to reveal an unidirectional trend, but the second method allows in more details to assess the dynamics of susceptibility/resistance of microorganisms depending on the type of pathogen and localization of the infection and to construct a formulary of antimicrobial agents on the basis of the actual consumption of drugs, but also from data obtained experimentally.

Two cases of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired by Russian tourists in Peru and possibly in Bolivia are presented. L. viannia ( L.braziliensis complex) was identified in Liverpool School of Tropical medicine in the patient travelled to Bolivia. The present study aimed to investigate Balsamum peruvianum one of the product of folk medicine of Indians of Amazon region against local species of Leishmania resulted in healing the ulcers. Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem, and the alarming spread of parasite resistance has increased the importance of discovering new therapeutic products.