Vol 22, No 3 (2017)

105 sera from 101 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of dengue fever (LD) were examined using monospecific ELISA-IgM test. Monospecific results were observed in 39 samples (37.1%). 27 sample of them were taken during the first 7 days of the disease. In those systems were examined 23 serum samples of 23 patients, in which etiological role of one of the four dengue viruses was been established by the RT-PCR method. In this case, the coincidence-IgM ELISA results and the RT-PCR took place in 14 sera (60.9%).

In the Far North are the most vulnerable to HIV infection by representatives of indigenous peoples living in the national villages, aged 20-29 years old, female. Due to the close relationship between the indigenous inhabitants of possible drift of HIV infection in the community tundra nomadic population. In the group of HIV-positive indigenous peoples in 100% have sexual transmission for migrants - 68,9%. For HIV-infected natives are characterized by a high incidence of sexually transmitted infections, alcoholism, tuberculosis, for alien population - chronic viral hepatitis. In HIV-infected persons indigenous have lower levels of CD4 lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio compared with the migrant population.

Introduction. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common type of nosocomial infection. It’s characterized high mortality (24-76%), leads to increase of mechanical ventilation length, length of stay in intensive care units, significant increase of hospital length of stay and cost of care. The aim of this study was to perform the systematic analysis of the current literature devoted to the problem of airway bacterial colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prophylaxis. Objectives of the study: the definition of the value of airway bacterial colonization in clinical practice, feasibility of airway bacterial colonization monitoring, prophylaxis, VAP diagnosis and prophylaxis which based on the bacterial colonization monitoring data. For the solution of the designated objectives in the scientific medical databases Medscape and Pubmed there was performed the search for the publications on subject headings, covering these problems. Conclusion. Airway bacterial colonization by potential infectious agent is a one of the key stage in VAP development. Prospective bacterial colonization monitoring (in addition to laboratory and instrumental analysis, clinical presentation) enable to get current microbiological data in prospective mode and to provide the targeted real-time antibacterial therapy in case of pneumonia onset. But at present this way is not convential and requires additional improvement. The guidelines to selection of time, type, technology and personalization VAP prophylaxis methods can be developed on basis of this technique.

Malaria continues to be a major international public health problem. However a significant reduction in the morbidity rate has been achieved over the past decade. The effective vaccine against malaria, caused by P. falciparun, could contribute significantly to the prevention and control of the disease, as tropical malaria is most widely distributed in the world. Nowadays there is the only RTS,S/AS01 vaccine had passed the accomplished phase 3 of clinical trial and received endorsement of certain bodies of World Health Organization and European Medicines Agency. RTS,S/AS01 is a pre-erythrocytic hybrid recombinant protein vaccine. Both immunogenicity and effectiveness of this vaccine particularly in children aged of 5-12 months were demonstrated by the trial at the time for first vaccination. Vaccine should be administered 3 times as the initial series of inoculation with 4 weeks interval and then the 4th dose should be given 15-18 months later. Since there is still a number of issues required certain clarifications, the decision has been taken to undertake another relatively large pilot project in African countries, prior to final recommendations on the vaccine use could be developed and proposed to countries. The implementation of this new trial will definitely take appropriate time. The contribution of vaccine to malaria control might be significant only if used simultaneously with other proved malaria control measures, such as the use of insecticide-treated nets, detection of malaria cases with the use of rapid diagnostic tests and subsequent its treatment, chemoprevention when appropriate and, of course vector control. The consideration of the vaccine use as the mechanism, which should allow achieve the eradication of the disease is not appropriate in principle.

We discuss the literature data on the current state of the problem of diagnostics of oncological diseases in HIV infection patients. Own clinical observations of diagnostic difficulties in lung cancer patient aged of 29 years, suffered also from combined TB and CMV infection in the course of the progression of HIV infection are given. The comparative study of tissue responses of internal organs and changes in immune status are discussed.