Resistance profile to antimicrobial agents of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis isolated in the Kyrgyz Republic



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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The dissemination of antibacterial-resistant microorganisms and resistance genes via food products represents a significant threat to global public health.

AIM: The study aimed to conduct epidemiological monitoring of antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from food products in the Kyrgyz Republic through the study of their phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility profiles.

METHODS: It was a cross-sectional observational study. Microorganism species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Phenotypic susceptibility to 35 antimicrobial agents was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration testing. Genes conferring resistance to antimicrobial agents were detected by whole-genome sequencing.

RESULTS: The study subjects were antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (n = 16) and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 36) isolated from ready-to-eat food products in the Kyrgyz Republic between 2020 and 2023. The findings indicate a predominance of antibiotic-resistant strains in dairy and meat products as well as in water. The isolates of each species were found to belong to 3 sequence types: S. aureus (ST5, ST15, ST45); E. faecalis (ST21, ST133, ST179). According to the obtained data, all S. aureus isolates carrying the β-lactam resistance gene blaZ were phenotypically resistant to this class of antibiotics. Despite phenotypic resistance to vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin observed in 25% of S. aureus isolates, no genetic markers of resistance to these reserve antibiotics were identified. E. faecalis isolates carrying the tetM gene were phenotypically resistant to tetracycline, with the overall proportion of tetracycline-resistant strains reaching 83.3%. A high proportion of E. faecalis carrying the macrolide resistance gene lsaA, accounting for 31.7%, corresponds to the data on the expected phenotypic resistance of this microorganism.

CONCLUSION: The studies conducted in the Kyrgyz Republic confirm the need for monitoring the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens through the food chain.

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About the authors

Irina B. Koroleva

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: martiusheva@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9397-9646
SPIN-code: 5463-6656
Russian Federation, 3A Novogireevskay st, Moscow, 111123

Nina G. Kulikova

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: kulikova_ng@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1716-6969
SPIN-code: 8876-0698

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Lyutsiya A. Bityumina

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: bitumina@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5378-0827
SPIN-code: 2311-2279
Russian Federation, Moscow

Yulia V. Mikhailova

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: mihailova@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5646-538X
SPIN-code: 4271-1072

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Andrey A. Shelenkov

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: shelenkov@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7409-077X
SPIN-code: 6710-7264

Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Anna E. Karpenko

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: a.egorova@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0486-1353
SPIN-code: 6350-1373
Russian Federation, Moscow

Daria K. Kondrateva

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: kondrateva@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-6693-3990
SPIN-code: 4634-9319
Russian Federation, Moscow

Gulnara E. Amankulova

Department of Disease Prevention and State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance

Email: amankulova_63@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-0256-3913
Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

Aigul B. Dzhumakanova

Department of Disease Prevention and State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance

Email: aigul.dzumakanova.dgsn@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-9065-6744
Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

Igor N. Manzeniuk

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: manzeniuk@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1146-1430
SPIN-code: 5013-6441

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Vasiliy G. Akimkin

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: vgakimkin@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4228-9044
SPIN-code: 4038-7455

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Phenotypic profile of antibiotic resistance of food isolates of S. aureus isolated in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2020–2023.

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3. Fig. 2. Phenotypic profile of antibiotic resistance of food isolates of E. faecalis isolated in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2020–2023.

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4. Table 1

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