Вопросы эпидемиологии, верификации и профилактики хронической HBV-инфекции у доноров и ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов: научный обзор

Обложка
  • Авторы: Еремеева Ж.Г.1,2, Фазылов В.Х.3,4,5, Сиразиев А.М.4,5
  • Учреждения:
    1. Республиканский клинический кожно-венерологический диспансер
    2. Казанский государственный медицинский университет
    3. Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования
    4. Марийский государственный университет
    5. Республиканский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом и инфекционными заболеваниями
  • Выпуск: Том 30, № 1 (2025)
  • Страницы: 35-44
  • Раздел: Научные обзоры
  • Статья получена: 27.12.2024
  • Статья одобрена: 11.04.2025
  • Статья опубликована: 06.08.2025
  • URL: https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/643498
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/EID643498
  • EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YERFSF
  • ID: 643498


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Аннотация

В обзоре представлены актуальные аспекты эпидемиологии, диагностики и профилактики вирусного гепатита В, с акцентом на лабораторный профиль его латентной формы. Представлены данные по частоте инфицирования в семейных очагах на разных территориях: от 30 до 78% в Республике Узбекистан и Республике Саха (Якутия) соответственно, подтверждающие наличие риска внутрисемейной передачи.

Проанализирована динамика заболеваемости гепатитом В в Республике Татарстан на фоне массовой вакцинации: отмечено снижение показателей в 2023 году в сравнении с 2011 годом.

Представлены сведения о распространённости серологических маркёров гепатита В среди доноров и ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов как в Российской Федерации, так и в других странах. По данным Федерального медико-биологического агентства за 2015–2019 гг., маркёры вируса гепатита В выявляли в 49,8±8,2% случаев у доноров крови, а в Гвинейской Республике — в 83%. Кроме того, частота обнаружения anti-HBcor при отсутствии HBsAg среди доноров варьировала от 0 (Великобритания) до 48% (Китай), а в некоторых регионах России — от 6 до 21%.

Скрининг ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов на наличие инфекции, вызванной вирусом гепатита В, позволил определить широкое распространение его маркёров в различных регионах мира. В странах Африки показатели варьировали от 2,3 до 32,3%, в Колумбии до 12%, в Аргентине — 3,2%, в Бразилии — 3,8%. В Российской Федерации частота выявления маркёров вируса гепатита В среди ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов составила 9,4% в Республике Тыва и достигала 79,6% в Северо-Западном федеральном округе.

Особое внимание уделено латентной форме гепатита В у ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов на фоне антиретровирусной терапии, включая схемы с препаратами, активными против вируса гепатита В.

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Жанна Григорьевна Еремеева

Республиканский клинический кожно-венерологический диспансер; Казанский государственный медицинский университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: Z.Eremeeva@tatar.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2711-0624
SPIN-код: 9708-6788

канд. мед. наук

Россия, 420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49; Казань

Вильдан Хайруллаевич Фазылов

Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования; Марийский государственный университет; Республиканский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом и инфекционными заболеваниями

Email: fazylov47@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4333-6316
SPIN-код: 3283-1607

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Россия, Казань; Йошкар-Ола; Казань

Айрат Маратович Сиразиев

Марийский государственный университет; Республиканский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом и инфекционными заболеваниями

Email: sirazievair95@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-6663-7669
SPIN-код: 1286-6399

MD

Россия, Йошкар-Ола; Казань

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