Вопросы эпидемиологии, верификации и профилактики хронической HBV-инфекции у доноров и ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов: научный обзор
- Авторы: Еремеева Ж.Г.1,2, Фазылов В.Х.3,4,5, Сиразиев А.М.4,5
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Учреждения:
- Республиканский клинический кожно-венерологический диспансер
- Казанский государственный медицинский университет
- Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования
- Марийский государственный университет
- Республиканский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом и инфекционными заболеваниями
- Выпуск: Том 30, № 1 (2025)
- Страницы: 35-44
- Раздел: Научные обзоры
- Статья получена: 27.12.2024
- Статья одобрена: 11.04.2025
- Статья опубликована: 06.08.2025
- URL: https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/643498
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/EID643498
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YERFSF
- ID: 643498
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Аннотация
В обзоре представлены актуальные аспекты эпидемиологии, диагностики и профилактики вирусного гепатита В, с акцентом на лабораторный профиль его латентной формы. Представлены данные по частоте инфицирования в семейных очагах на разных территориях: от 30 до 78% в Республике Узбекистан и Республике Саха (Якутия) соответственно, подтверждающие наличие риска внутрисемейной передачи.
Проанализирована динамика заболеваемости гепатитом В в Республике Татарстан на фоне массовой вакцинации: отмечено снижение показателей в 2023 году в сравнении с 2011 годом.
Представлены сведения о распространённости серологических маркёров гепатита В среди доноров и ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов как в Российской Федерации, так и в других странах. По данным Федерального медико-биологического агентства за 2015–2019 гг., маркёры вируса гепатита В выявляли в 49,8±8,2% случаев у доноров крови, а в Гвинейской Республике — в 83%. Кроме того, частота обнаружения anti-HBcor при отсутствии HBsAg среди доноров варьировала от 0 (Великобритания) до 48% (Китай), а в некоторых регионах России — от 6 до 21%.
Скрининг ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов на наличие инфекции, вызванной вирусом гепатита В, позволил определить широкое распространение его маркёров в различных регионах мира. В странах Африки показатели варьировали от 2,3 до 32,3%, в Колумбии до 12%, в Аргентине — 3,2%, в Бразилии — 3,8%. В Российской Федерации частота выявления маркёров вируса гепатита В среди ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов составила 9,4% в Республике Тыва и достигала 79,6% в Северо-Западном федеральном округе.
Особое внимание уделено латентной форме гепатита В у ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов на фоне антиретровирусной терапии, включая схемы с препаратами, активными против вируса гепатита В.
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Об авторах
Жанна Григорьевна Еремеева
Республиканский клинический кожно-венерологический диспансер; Казанский государственный медицинский университет
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: Z.Eremeeva@tatar.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2711-0624
SPIN-код: 9708-6788
канд. мед. наук
Россия, 420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49; КазаньВильдан Хайруллаевич Фазылов
Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования; Марийский государственный университет; Республиканский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом и инфекционными заболеваниями
Email: fazylov47@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4333-6316
SPIN-код: 3283-1607
д-р мед. наук, профессор
Россия, Казань; Йошкар-Ола; КазаньАйрат Маратович Сиразиев
Марийский государственный университет; Республиканский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом и инфекционными заболеваниями
Email: sirazievair95@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-6663-7669
SPIN-код: 1286-6399
MD
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