Миелинолигодендроцитарный гликопротеин - аутоантиген при воспалительных демиелинизирующих заболеваниях ЦНС

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Аннотация

Демиелинизирующие заболевания ЦНС развиваются вследствие аутоиммунной атаки на миелиновые оболочки аксонов, структурные белки которых приобретают свойства антигена, в результате чего формируются участки повреждения миелина. Выявление специфических антител, направленных против компонентов миелина, с помощью высокоспециализированных методов лабораторной диагностики позволяет существенно улучшить диагностические подходы. На сегодняшний день заболевания ЦНС, ассоциированные с антителами к миелинолигодендроцитарному гликопротеину (Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease, MOGAD), являются демиелинизирующими синдромами с чётко идентифицированным антигеном. Продемонстрирована патогенная роль антител к MOG (MOG-IgG) человека, что позволяет выделять соответствующее заболевание в отдельную нозологическую форму. Тем не менее ген миелинолигодендроцитарного гликопротеина (MOG) способен к альтернативному сплайсингу с формированием различных изоформ, что затрудняет диагностику даже при использовании современных методов иммунофлуоресцентного анализа. С другой стороны, способность MOG к конформационной перестройке обеспечивает структурную целостность других белков миелина и поддерживает процессы аутотолерантности, присущие только человеку.

Об авторах

Д. Д Елисеева

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: ddeliseeva@gmail.com
125367 Москва, Россия

М. Н Захарова

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: ddeliseeva@gmail.com
125367 Москва, Россия

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