Эволюция подходов Республиканской и Демократической партий США к климатической повестке (конец 1990-х – 2023 годы)

Обложка

Цитировать

Полный текст

Открытый доступ Открытый доступ
Доступ закрыт Доступ предоставлен
Доступ закрыт Доступ платный или только для подписчиков

Аннотация

Статья посвящена изучению различных подходов республиканцев и демократов к проблеме изменения климата. Партийные позиции по этому вопросу оказывают большое влияние на разработку политики в области экономики и энергетики. Участие США в международных усилиях, направленное на противодействие глобальному потеплению, также определяется соотношением сил между Демократической и Республиканской партиями в президентской администрации и Конгрессе. Климатическая повестка – это камень преткновения в отношениях между ЕС и США, а потому представляет сегодня особый интерес. Результаты исследования говорят о том, что межпартийный раскол в том, что касается климата, усиливается. Такое положение свидетельствует о глубоких разногласиях в американском обществе перед президентскими выборами в 2024 году.

Об авторах

Е. Э Прокопчук

Центр комплексных европейских и международных исследований (ЦКЕМИ) НИУ ВШЭ

Email: e.e.prokopchuk@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9199-3567
Scopus Author ID: 57217036379
ResearcherId: AFM-8763-2022
аналитик Центра комплексных европейских и международных исследований Москва, Россия

Список литературы

  1. Kelly, L., Gangitano, A. Europe relaxes after US midterms, but fears of a 2024 Trump win run high. The Hill. 12.11.2022. Available at: https://thehill.com/policy/3731485-europe-relaxes-after-us-midterms-but-fears-of-a-2024-trump-win-runhigh/ (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  2. Wethe, D. The Shale Revolution. Bloomberg. 27.12.2019. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/quicktake/fracking#:~:text=Fracking%2C%20or%20hydraulic%20fracturing%2C%20was,or%20gas%20trapped%20inside%20escapes. (accessed: 13.06.2023).
  3. Ellerbeck, S. A record share of US electricity comes from zero-carbon sources - but more work is needed. World Economic Forum. 9.l03.2023. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/03/us-electricity-energy-carbon-renewables/ (accessed: 13.06.2023).
  4. Inflation Reduction Act Guidebook. The White House. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/cleanenergy/inflation-reduction-act-guidebook/ (accessed: 13.06.2023).
  5. Natural gas explained. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Available at: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/where-our-natural-gas-comesfrom.php#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20now%20produces,the%20highest%20annual%20amount%20recorded. (accessed: 13.06.2023).
  6. Natural gas explained. Natural gas and the environment. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Available at: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-and-the-environment.php (accessed: 13.06.2023).
  7. Gardner, T., Renshaw, J. Biden admin works on 'green' natural gas as U.S. vies for top LNG spot. Reuters. 3.03.2023. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/biden-admin-works-green-natural-gas-us-vies-top-lng-spot-2023-03-03/ (accessed: 13.06.2023).
  8. Khatsenkova, S. Fact check: Is Europe the only part of the world that has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions? Euronews. 17.05.2023. Available at: https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/05/17/fact-check-is-europe-the-only-part-of-the-worldthat-has-reduced-its-greenhouse-gas-emissi (accessed: 13.06.2023).
  9. Plumer, B. Obama says fracking can be a ‘bridge’ to a clean-energy future. It’s not that simple. The Washington Post. 29.01.2014. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/01/29/obama-says-fracking-offers-a-bridge-toa-clean-energy-future-its-not-that-simple/ (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  10. Palin sticks to the familiar in first solo outing. NBC News. 14.09.2008. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna26693683 (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  11. Aizarani, J. Lobbying spending of oil & gas companies in the United States during election cycles from 1990 to 2022, by receiving political party. Statista. 31.01.2023. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/788056/us-oil-and-gas-lobbyingspend-by-party/ (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  12. Miller, E. Green energy interests boosted Biden, Dems. OpenSecrets. Available at: https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2020/12/green-energy-2020-boosted-dems/(accessed: 14.06.2023).
  13. Al Gore (The Nobel Prize 2007). The Nobel Prize. Available at: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/gore/facts/ (accessed: 25.07.2023).
  14. ExxonMobil tried to censor climate scientists to Congress during Bush era. The Guardian. 25.05.2016. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/may/25/exxonmobil-climate-change-scientists-congress-george-w-bush (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  15. Foreso, C.F. U.S. Becoming a Leading Exporter of Petroleum Products. USITC Executive Briefings on Trade. December, 2014. Available at: https://www.usitc.gov/research_and_analysis/documents/foreso_petroleum_products-12-1-14_final_0.pdf (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  16. The United States exported more natural gas than it imported in 2017. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 19.03.2018. Available at: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=35392 (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  17. Inflation Reduction Act Guidebook. The White House. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/cleanenergy/inflation-reduction-act-guidebook/ (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  18. S.Res.98 - A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate regarding the conditions for the United States becoming a signatory to any international agreement on greenhouse gas emissions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Congress.gov. 12.06.1997. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/105th-congress/senate-resolution/98 (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  19. The Evolution of Byrd. living on earth. 2.07.2010. Available at: https://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=10-P13-00027HYPERLINK "https://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=10-P13-00027&"&segmentID=4 (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  20. Hananel, S. Climate Deniers in the 116th Congress. CAP Action. 28.01.2019. Available at: https://www.americanprogressaction.org/article/climate-deniers-116th-congress/ (дата обращения: 14.06.2023).
  21. Climate Deniers in the 117th Congress. CAP Action. 30.03.2021. Available at: https://www.americanprogress.org/article/climate-deniers-117th-congress/ (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  22. Yohe, G. GOP-controlled House: Children playing poorly in the climate change sandbox. The Hill. 22.11.2022. Available at: https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/3746950-gop-controlled-house-children-playing-poorly-in-the-climatechange-sandbox/ (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  23. Bledsoe, P. Democrats must embrace shale gas boom to win elections and climate battle USA Today. 21.04.2018. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/04/21/democrats-embrace-shale-boom-win-climatebattle-column/533277002/ (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  24. Elkind, E. GOP urged to denounce ‘alarmist’ UN climate change report. Fox News. 8.04.2023. Available at: https://www.foxnews.com/politics/house-lawmakersun-report-climate-change (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  25. Banerjee, N., Cushman, J.H., Hasemyer, D., Song, L. Exxon: The Road Not Taken. Inside Climate News, 2015. 92 p.
  26. Burnham, A., Han, J., Clark, C.E., Wang, M., Dunn, J.B., Palou-Rivera, I. Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Shale Gas, Natural Gas, Coal, and Petroleum. Environmental Science & Technology. 2012. Vol. 46. No. 2. P. 619-627. Available at: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es201942m (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  27. Dunlap, R.E., McCright, A.M. A Widening Gap: Republican and Democratic Views on Climate Change. Environment. 2008. September/October. P. 7-11. Available at: https://cssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/A_Widening_Gap_Republican_and_Democratic_Views_on_.pdf (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  28. Goodman, S., Baudu, P., Sikorsky, E., Femia, F. Climate Change as A “Threat Multiplier”: History, Uses And Future of the Concept. Center for Climate and Security. 3.01.2023. No. 38. 35 p. Available at: https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/38-CCThreatMultiplier.pdf (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  29. McCright, A.M., Dunlap, R.E. Anti-reflexivity. Theory, Culture & Society. 2010. Vol. 27. No. 2–3. P. 100-133. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0263276409356001 (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  30. Moore, T.G. Don’t Know? Won’t Tell? The White House and Kyoto. Stanford University.1998. Available at: https://web.stanford.edu/~moore/CostsofKyoto.html (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  31. Storrow, B. U.S. Renewable Energy Will Surge Past Coal and Nuclear by Year’s End. Scientific American. 22.11.2022. Available at: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/u-s-renewable-energy-will-surge-pastcoal-and-nuclear-by-years-end/ (accessed: 13.06.2023).
  32. The Environment: A Cleaner, Safer Healthier America. The Lunz Research Company. 2003. P. 131-146. Available at: https://www.sourcewatch.org/images/4/45/LuntzResearch. Memo.pdf (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  33. Tyson, A., Funk, C., Kennedy, B. What the data says about Americans’ views of climate change. Pew Research Center. 18.04.2023. Available at: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/04/18/for-earth-day-key-facts-about-americans-viewsof-climate-change-and-renewable-energy/ (accessed: 14.06.2023).
  34. Webster, J. The Inflation Reduction Act’s impact on the US oil and gas industry. Atlantic Council. 31.10.2022. Available at: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/energysource/the-inflation-reduction-acts-impact-on-the-us-oil-and-gas-industry/ (accessed: 14.06.2023).

Дополнительные файлы

Доп. файлы
Действие
1. JATS XML
Скачать

© Российская академия наук, 2024