The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Autophagy

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Abstract

The interest of the scientific community in extracellular vesicles (EVs) is growing every year. EVCs are lipid membrane-limited vesicles containing hundreds of proteins and nucleic acids. BBs are secreted by almost all cells in the body and are able to circulate in the bloodstream for long periods of time. Also, one of the distinctive features of BBs is their ability to penetrate blood-tissue barriers. Not surprisingly, BBs have attracted attention primarily because they can potentially be used for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. However, BBs also have a role in the normal functioning of the body. In addition to the already known examples of BB-mediated intercellular communication, there are recent examples of BBs regulating autophagy, at least in nerve cells. Depending on the type of recipient cell, BBs can both activate and inhibit autophagy. Perhaps the regulation of autophagy in the brain involves intercellular signaling involving BBs.

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A. A. Yakovlev

Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS; Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department

Author for correspondence.
Email: al_yakovlev@ihna.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic illustrating the ability of stem cell-derived EVs to both inhibit and enhance autophagy in different cell types.

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