A portrait of three mammalian bicistronic mRNA transcripts, derived from the genes ASNSD1, SLC35A4, and MIEF1

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Abstract

Recent advances in functional genomics have allowed identification of thousands of translated short open reading frames (sORFs) in the 5′ leaders of mammalian mRNA transcripts. While most sORFs are unlikely to encode functional proteins, a small number have been shown to have evolved as protein-coding genes. As a result, dozens of these sORFs have already been annotated as protein-coding ORFs. mRNAs that contain both a protein-coding sORF and an annotated coding sequence (CDS) are referred to as bicistronic transcripts. In this study, we focus on three genes – ASNSD1, SLC35A4, and MIEF1 – which give rise to bicistronic mRNAs. We discuss recent findings regarding functional investigation of the corresponding polypeptide products, as well as how their translation is regulated, and how this unusual genetic arrangement may have evolved.

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About the authors

D. E. Andreev

Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: cycloheximide@yandex.ru

Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology

Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow; 119992 Moscow

I. N. Shatsky

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: cycloheximide@yandex.ru

Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology

Russian Federation, 119992 Moscow

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3. Fig. 1. ASDURF–ASNSD1.

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4. Fig. 2. SLC35A4URF–SLC35A4

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5. Fig. 3. MIURF–MIEF1

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