卷 78, 编号 11 (2023)

This review covers characteristics and potential applications of various versions of the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry for analyzing both liquid and solid samples. Particular emphasis is given to research published within the past decade, as information on XRF’s previous applications can be found in earlier reviews and monographs. The results of experiments on determining fundamental atomic parameters, such as mass absorption coefficients, fluorescence yields, transition probabilities for the emission of specific lines of elements, and nonradiative transition probabilities. Additionally, the review addresses the capabilities of newly designed models of XRF spectrometers developed in recent years. The application of total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for diverse samples is examined in greater detail. Furthermore, the document presents data on the utilization of XRF in investigating nanoparticles of some typical materials. These particles exhibit qualitatively novel properties and have become a focal point of nanotechnology, an area rapidly developing in the last few decades.

Исследована возможность экстракции комплекса никеля(II) с 1-(2-алиламино-1-метилэтил)тиокарбамидом в присутствии и в отсутствие гидрофобных аминов- дифенилгуанидина и трифенилгуанидина. Установлено, что в присутствии гидрофобных аминов образуются смешанолигандные комплексы, хорошо растворимые в бутаноле-1. Извлечение комплексов происходит в течение 60 с, разделение фаз занимает 80 с. Однократной экстракцией извлекается до 96.7 и 98.0% никеля(II) в присутствии дифенилгуанидина и трифенилгуанидина соответственно. Установлены оптимальные условия образования и экстракции комплексов никеля(II) в присутствии и в отсутствие гидрофобных аминов. Определено соотношение компонентов в составе комплексов, установлен интервал линейности градуировочного графики для определения никеля(II) (0.10–2.80 мкг/мл) и получены уравнения градуировочных графиков по методу наименьших квадратов. Изучено влияние посторонних ионов и маскирующих веществ на экстракционно-спектрофотометрическое определение никеля(II) и установлено, что за счет образования смешанолигандных комплексов значительно увеличивается избирательность реакции. Разработана методика экстракционно-спектрофотометрического определения микроколичеств никеля в водах рек Акстафа и Джогаз Казахского района Азербайджанской Республики.

A piezoelectric sensor with a recognition layer based on magnetic carbon nanocomposites, including multi-walled carbon nanotubes, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and polymer nanospheres with molecular imprints of erythromycin and azithromycin, obtained by the “core–shell” method, is developed. Silicon dioxide particles are used as cores, on the surface of which a shell molecularly imprinted with macrolides is synthesized by free radical polymerization or the sol–gel method. SiO2 particles are obtained by the Stober method by varying the ratio of reagents during the synthesis. The size of the cores and nanoparticles of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) is determined by atomic force microscopy, and the density and uniformity of the layer on the surface of magnetic carbon nanocomposites (MCNC) are determined by the piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance method. The optimal ratio of the reagents (template : functional monomer : cross-monomer) is established by a spectrophotometric method during the synthesis of “core–shell” nanostructures by free radical polymerization. A thin shell of SiO2 with imprints of an antibiotic based on organosilicon compounds used in the synthesis of the core is formed by the sol–gel method on the surface of the silicon dioxide core. The sensor recognition layer is formed under the action of an external magnetic field. The dependence of the analytical signal of the sensor based on MIP@SiO2/MCNC on concentration is linear in the range 5–160 µg/mL for azithromycin and 10–160 µg/mL for erythromycin, and with a recognition layer based on SiO2@SiO2/MCNC, in the concentration range 20–400 µg/mL for erythromycin.