Proton fluxes of solar-type stars with planetary systems

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Abstract

The previously developed method for estimating of the parameters of proton fluxes from flare energies for the Sun was applied to data on the flare activity of solar-type stars. The results obtained will be used to assess the radiation situation in a stellar system containing exoplanets. In our analysis we used catalog data on flares of solar-type stars obtained from observations with Kepler telescope. The empirical relations between the energy of X-ray flares and the proton flux for the Sun was extended to the case of stellar flares, similar to what was done previously in the case of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The method used has limitations caused by the extension of the solar analogy to other stars as well as the uncertainties that arise when applying scaling methods. It was found that the characteristic values of the proton flux for solar-type stars can be one order of magnitude higher than the estimates for the Sun. Prospects for the development of alternative methods for estimating proton fluxes in the vicinity of stars of late spectral types are discussed (for example, by studying the behavior of Si IV and He II emission lines in the far ultraviolet range).

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About the authors

I. S. Savanov

Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: isavanov@inasan.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Upper panel: dependence of superflare energies on the area of ​​spots on the surface of objects from the catalogue [11]. The vertical dotted line corresponds to the maximum area of ​​the active region (spot group) observed over the past 150 years (see text). Bottom: dependence of PPF values, established by the scaling relation, on the effective temperature of objects from the catalogue [11]. The range of variations in PPF estimates for the Sun according to [7] is shown in the figure by the vertical light stripe. The dotted line shows the average value of PPF estimates for the Sun. The horizontal solid line is the average PPF value obtained for solar-type stars from the catalogue [11].

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