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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696246</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID696246</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VEMXBR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A two-center nonrandomized retrospective study to assess the efficacy of hyperimmune globulin in the treatment of patients with COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Двуцентровое нерандомизированное ретроспективное исследование по оценке эффективности применения гипериммунного глобулина в терапии пациентов с COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4257-3243</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2608-5422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Igityan</surname><given-names>Tamara A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игитян</surname><given-names>Тамара Арсеновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>igityantoma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-0837</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5103-0451</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burgasova</surname><given-names>Olga А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бургасова</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>olgaburgasova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-7622</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3428-5987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tetova</surname><given-names>Vera B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тетова</surname><given-names>Вера Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>tetovera@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1152-4120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogarkova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огаркова</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dashadv1993@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7046-0799</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1650-0831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokmalaev</surname><given-names>Anatoly K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токмалаев</surname><given-names>Анатолий Карпович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>tokmalaev39@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">People’s Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. П. Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Инфекционная клиническая больница №1, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamaleya</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почетного акад. Н.Ф. Гамалеи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-14"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-29"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-03-31"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/696246">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/696246</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Despite the availability of vaccines and antiviral drugs, there is still a need for effective therapeutic strategies for patients with COVID-19, especially those at high risk of severe disease. Hyperimmune globulin against COVID-19 is a promising immunologic agent. However, real-world data on its efficacy, particularly that on treatment timing, are limited and require further investigation.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hyperimmune globulin (COVID-globulin) in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to determine the optimal timing of its use.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> This was a retrospective, cohort study, conducted at 2 clinical sites in Moscow from January 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023. The study included 148 patients aged 20 to 94 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The main group (<italic>n</italic> = 88) comprised patients who received COVID-globulin in addition to standard therapy, whereas the comparison group (<italic>n</italic> = 60) comprised patients who received standard therapy alone. The primary efficacy endpoint was mortality in the compared groups by discharge (days 7–10 of hospitalization). The secondary endpoint included assessment of clinical parameters, laboratory and radiographic findings over time.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The overall mortality rate in the main group (8.0%) did not differ significantly from that in the control group (6.7%) at discharge (<italic>p</italic> = 1.000). However, a correlation was identified between the efficacy of COVID-globulin and the timing of its inclusion in the treatment regimen. Administration of the drug within the first 7 days of disease onset demonstrated relevant clinical advantages compared with later administration. It resulted in a significant reduction in the median length of hospitalization from 15 (IQR, 13.5–19) to 10 (IQR, 8–14) days (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), improvement in SpO<sub>2</sub> values (97% [96–98] vs. 95% [94–96]; <italic>p</italic> = 0.024), and a more pronounced decrease in C-reactive protein levels by discharge (8.1 mg/L [2–19] vs. 23 mg/L [19–43]; <italic>p</italic> = 0.023). In the main group, complete resolution of pulmonary infiltrative changes on computed tomography by the time of discharge was also observed significantly more frequently (56.5% vs. 10.5% in the control group; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). No adverse events associated with drug administration were recorded.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The use of COVID-globulin in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 did not result in a significant reduction in mortality. However, we demonstrated significant efficacy of this therapeutic strategy when COVID-globulin was used during the first week of illness, as evidenced by a shorter duration of hospitalization, more rapid resolution of respiratory dysfunction, and resolution of inflammation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Несмотря на доступность вакцин и противовирусных препаратов, сохраняется потребность в разработке эффективных стратегий терапии для пациентов с COVID-19, особенно с высоким риском тяжёлого течения. Гипериммунный глобулин против COVID-19 выступает перспективным иммунологическим средством. Однако данные о его терапевтической эффективности в реальной клинической практике, особенно в зависимости от сроков назначения ограниченны и требуют дальнейшего изучения.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценить эффективность и безопасность применения гипериммунного глобулина («КОВИД-глобулин») в терапии госпитализированных пациентов с COVID-19, а также определить оптимальные сроки его введения.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено ретроспективное выборочное исследование на базе двух клинических центров Москвы с 01.01.2022 по 31.01.2023. В исследование включили 148 пациентов в возрасте от 20 до 94 лет с подтверждённой инфекцией SARS-CoV-2. Основную группу (<italic>n</italic>=88) составили пациенты, получавшие «КОВИД-глобулин» в дополнение к базисной терапии, группу сравнения (<italic>n</italic>=60) — пациенты, получавшие только базисную терапию. Основным критерием эффективности служил показатель летальности в сравниваемых группах к моменту выписки (7–10 день госпитализации). Дополнительные критерии включали динамическую оценку клинических показателей, лабораторных и рентгенологических данных.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Показатель общей летальности в основной группе пациентов (8,0%) не имел статистически значимых отличий от значений в контрольной группе (6,7%) на момент выписки (<italic>p</italic>=1,000). Однако мы выявили корреляцию терапевтической эффективности «КОВИД-глобулина» от сроков его включения в протокол лечения. Введение препарата в первые 7 дней от начала заболевания показало значительные клинические преимущества по сравнению с поздним назначением. Оно привело к достоверному сокращению медианы длительности госпитализации с 15 [13,5–19] до 10 [8–14] дней (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001), улучшению показателей SpO<sub>2</sub> (97% [96–98] против 95% [94–96]; <italic>p</italic>=0,024) и более значимым снижением уровня С-реактивного белка к выписке (8,1 мг/л [2–19] против 23 мг/л [19–43]; <italic>p</italic>=0,023). В основной группе также достоверно чаще отмечали полное разрешение инфильтративных изменений в лёгких по данным компьютерной томографии к моменту выписки (56,5% против 10,5% случаев в контрольной группе; <italic>p </italic>&lt; 0,001). Нежелательные явления на фоне введения препарата не зарегистрировали.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Применение «КОВИД-глобулина» у стационарных пациентов с COVID-19 не привело к статистически значимому снижению летальности в основной группе. Однако мы выявили достоверную эффективность данной терапевтической стратегии при назначении «КОВИД-глобулина» в первую неделю болезни, что проявилось сокращением сроков госпитализации, более быстрым купированием респираторной дисфункции и разрешением воспаления.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-globulin</kwd><kwd>hyperimmune globulin therapy for COVID-19</kwd><kwd>anti-COVID globulin</kwd><kwd>specific immunoglobulin preparations</kwd><kwd>neutralizing antibodies</kwd><kwd>COVID-19 pandemic</kwd><kwd>therapeutic efficacy of immunoglobulins</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>«КОВИД-глобулин»</kwd><kwd>терапия гипериммунным глобулином при COVID-19</kwd><kwd>противоковидный глобулин</kwd><kwd>препараты специфических иммуноглобулинов</kwd><kwd>нейтрализующие антитела</kwd><kwd>пандемия COVID-19</kwd><kwd>терапевтическая эффективность иммуноглобулинов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 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