Epidemiology and Infectious DiseasesEpidemiology and Infectious DiseasesЭпидемиология и инфекционные болезни3034-20073034-2015Eco-Vector69032110.17816/EID690321ZVDXCAReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticlePrevalence of antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic pathogens in postpartum women and factors influencing their detection: a reviewРаспространённость условно-патогенных микроорганизмов, резистентных к антимикробным препаратам, у родильниц и факторы, влияющие на их выявление: обзорhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-46113127-4296SmirnovaSvetlana S.СмирноваСветлана Сергеевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

д-р мед. наук, доцент

smirnova_ss69@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-9261-56242923-4892StagilskayaYulia S.СтагильскаяЮлия Сергеевна
Russian Federation

MD

stagilskaya_ys@niivirom.ruFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome»Федеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром»Ural State Medical UniversityУральский государственный медицинский университет14122025301220253031942071209202529102025Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-vectorCopyright ©; 2026, Эко-вектор2026Eco-vectorЭко-векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/690321

Antimicrobial resistance in opportunistic microorganisms is a significant challenge to global public health. Despite extensive research, data on the prevalence of resistant opportunistic pathogens in postpartum women is limited and highly heterogeneous.

This article summarizes current data on the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic pathogens colonizing the birth canal in postpartum women and analyzes the factors determining their detection likelihood. The study reviewed 45 papers published between 2000 and 2025. The following keywords were used to search the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines and in the electronic scientific libraries eLibrary.ru and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI): условно-патогенные микроорганизмы (opportunistic infections), резистентность к антимикробным препаратам (drug resistance, microbial), родильницы (postpartum period), колонизация родовых путей (birth canal colonization), генетические детерминанты резистентности (genetic determinants of resistance). A total of 7179 articles were selected.

A review of publications showed that the most prevalent resistant opportunistic microorganisms detected in postpartum women were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus spp. Studies reported critical levels of resistance to beta-lactams, including third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, with substantial differences in resistance levels across regions. Key risk factors for birth canal colonization with antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic pathogens in postpartum women included invasive obstetric interventions, inappropriate antibiotic therapy, and prolonged hospitalization. Such colonization can lead to clinically significant consequences, including a higher risk of postpartum infectious complications, increased maternal mortality rates, and vertical transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens to neonates.

The review suggests the need for a strategy to control colonization of the birth canal by antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic microorganisms in postpartum women. This strategy should include optimizing screening, antibacterial prophylaxis and treatment, and genomic surveillance for postpartum purulent-septic infections.

Резистентность условно-патогенных микроорганизмов к антимикробным препаратам представляет собой глобальную проблему здравоохранения. Несмотря на активное изучение, данные о распространённости устойчивых условно-патогенных микроорганизмов среди родильниц остаются ограниченными и характеризуются значительной гетерогенностью.

В статье систематизированы современные данные о частоте колонизации родовых путей родильниц резистентными штаммами условно-патогенных микроорганизмов и проанализированы факторы, которые определяют вероятность их обнаружения. Исследование включает анализ 45 научных работ за 2000–2025 гг. Поиск публикаций проводили в поисковых системах PubMed и Google Scholar, а также в научных электронных библиотеках eLibrary.ru и Национального центра биотехнологической информации (National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI) по ключевым словам: «условно-патогенные микроорганизмы», «резистентность к антимикробным препаратам», «родильницы», «колонизация родовых путей», «генетические детерминанты резистентности». Всего отобрали 7179 статей.

Согласно данным проанализированной литературы, среди резистентных условно-патогенных микроорганизмов, которые выявляли у родильниц, преобладали Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae и Enterococcus spp. Исследования отметили критические уровни резистентности к β-лактамам, включая цефалоспорины III поколения и карбапенемы, с выраженными межрегиональными различиями. Ключевыми факторами риска колонизации родовых путей родильниц резистентными условно-патогенными микроорганизмами стали инвазивные акушерские вмешательства, нерациональная антибиотикотерапия и длительная госпитализация. Клинически значимые последствия такой колонизации включают: повышенный риск послеродовых инфекционных осложнений, увеличение послеродовой летальности и риск вертикальной передачи резистентных условно-патогенных микроорганизмов новорождённым.

Результаты анализа литературы свидетельствуют о том, что необходимо разработать стратегию контроля колонизации родовых путей родильниц резистентными условно-патогенными микроорганизмами. Данная стратегия должна включать оптимизацию скрининга, тактики антибактериальной профилактики и лечения, а также внедрение методов эпидемиологического геномного надзора за послеродовыми гнойно-септическими инфекциями.

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