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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">683070</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID683070</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VUSTLH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Role of risk factors in the development of nosocomial infections after cardiac surgery: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль факторов риска в развитии внутрибольничной инфекции после кардиохирургических операций: обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-1952</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5059-1414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khomyakova</surname><given-names>Tatiana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хомякова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>tatkhom@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-252X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2405-6712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khomyakov</surname><given-names>Yuri N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хомяков</surname><given-names>Юрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Cand Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>khomyakovyuri@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-1991</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3998-2748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mkhitarov</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мхитаров</surname><given-names>Владимир Аршакович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>mkhitarov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-7145</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7193-7254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ponomarenkoea75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8646-3952</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6376-3060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ozeretskaya</surname><given-names>Liubov V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Озерецкая</surname><given-names>Любовь Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lozloz.o@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after academician B.V. Petrovsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Synergy University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский университет «Синергия»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-05"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-10-09"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/683070">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/683070</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prevention of nosocomial infections in cardiac surgery patients during the postoperative period is a critical task, both from an economic perspective and for improving the quality and longevity of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The relevance of assessing the risk of infectious complications in this population is confirmed by numerous publications in both Russian and international journals. An analysis of original studies and reviews in Embase, PubMed, ResearchGate, eLibrary, and Google Scholar indicated that effective prediction of nosocomial infections in cardiac surgery patients requires consideration of a combination of parameters that exert a synergistic influence on infection risk. Key preoperative risk factors include age over 60 years, body mass index &gt;24 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe chronic heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and previous cardiac surgery. Upon hospital admission, the likelihood of developing nosocomial infections may be influenced by pronounced preoperative hypoalbuminemia, anemia, low hematocrit, and elevated serum creatinine. Intraoperative risk factors include cardiopulmonary bypass duration exceeding 120 minutes, intraoperative blood loss &gt; 2000 mL, and infusion of large volumes of replacement fluids. In the future, artificial intelligence could be utilized to develop a risk assessment scoring system.</p> <p>The role of the pathobiome and chronic infectious foci in the development of nosocomial complications in cardiac surgery patients remains insufficiently studied and requires further research. Endogenous sources of infection may play a more significant role in the development of nosocomial infections than exogenous contamination.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Профилактика внутрибольничных инфекций у кардиохирургических пациентов в послеоперационном периоде представляет собой важнейшую задачу как с экономической точки зрения, так и для улучшения качества и продолжительности жизни пациентов с заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы. Актуальность оценки риска развития инфекционных осложнений у таких больных подтверждают многочисленные публикации в отечественных и в зарубежных изданиях. Анализ оригинальных исследований и обзоров в базах данных Embase.com, PubMed, ResearchGate, eLibrary и Google Scholar показал, что для эффективного прогнозирования внутрибольничных инфекций у пациентов кардиохирургического профиля необходимо учитывать совокупность параметров, оказывающих синергичное влияние на риск развития заболевания. К наиболее значимым дооперационным факторам риска относят: возраст старше 60 лет; индекс массы тела более 24 кг/м<sup>2</sup>; курение; артериальную гипертензию; сахарный диабет; хроническую обструктивную болезнь лёгких; хроническую сердечную недостаточность высокой степени; заболевания периферических сосудов; ранее перенесённые операции на сердце в анамнезе. Непосредственно при госпитализации пациента на вероятность развития внутрибольничных инфекций могут влиять выраженная предоперационная гипоальбуминемия, анемия, низкий гематокрит, высокое содержание креатинина в сыворотке крови. Во время хирургического вмешательства ключевыми факторами риска выступают длительность искусственного кровообращения более 120 мин, интраоперационная кровопотеря более 2000 мл, инфузия больших объёмов кровезамещающих жидкостей. В перспективе для разработки шкалы оценки риска можно использовать искусственный интеллект.</p> <p>Роль патобиома и хронических инфекционных очагов в развитии внутрибольничных осложнений у пациентов кардиохирургического профиля недостаточно изучена и требует дополнительных исследований. Эндогенный источник заражения может играть более серьёзную роль в развитии внутрибольничной инфекции, чем экзогенное инфицирование.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiac surgery patients</kwd><kwd>nosocomial infections</kwd><kwd>surgical wound infections</kwd><kwd>urinary tract infections</kwd><kwd>bloodstream infections</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиохирургические пациенты</kwd><kwd>внутрибольничные инфекции</kwd><kwd>инфекции области хирургического вмешательства</kwd><kwd>инфекции мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>инфекции кровотока</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-01382-23-01</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Massart N, Mansour A, Ross JT, et al. 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