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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">677542</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID677542</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KEJIVA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">COVID-19 in Moscow patients on peritoneal dialysis: clinical phenotypes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинические фенотипы COVID-19 у пациентов, получающих перитонеальный диализ в Москве</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-5220</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3866-5560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>Nadiya F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Надия Фяатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>nadiya.frolova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5966-0415</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7649-8358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdinsky</surname><given-names>Vitaly A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердинский</surname><given-names>Виталий Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>gkb52@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5271-1902</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6950-8080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkin</surname><given-names>Mikhail L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубкин</surname><given-names>Михаил Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>m-zubkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-5276</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3857-0010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dushkin</surname><given-names>Alexander D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Душкин</surname><given-names>Александр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>alex@drdushkin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-387X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5893-5394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>Антон Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>sbornay1med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0236-653X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobzar</surname><given-names>Margarita V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобзарь</surname><given-names>Маргарита Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>m.v.kobzar@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9712-5247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumakhova</surname><given-names>Liana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумахова</surname><given-names>Ляна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>gkb52@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-7975</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3887-6250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>Mariana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>Марьяна Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>gkb52@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0633-678X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5969-5749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gautier</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Готье</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>gautier@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Clinical Science and Research Center 52</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр Больница 52</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Clinical Science and Research Center 52</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр Больница 52</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.N. Gabrichevsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center for Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. акад. В.И. Шумакова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>167</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-21"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-27"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-01-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/677542">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/677542</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly altered the management of patients with chronic conditions, including those receiving renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) for end-stage renal disease.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to identify the clinical phenotypes of patients with peritoneal dialysis and COVID-19, determine the risk factors for adverse outcomes (including death), and evaluate their impact on the progression of end-stage renal disease.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The work presents a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients on peritoneal dialysis diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized at Moscow City Clinical Hospital No. 52 between March 2020 and July 2023. The most frequently observed factors in adverse and fatal cases were assessed. Agglomerative clustering identified three distinct phenotypes in patients with COVID-19 and peritoneal dialysis, which differed in clinical characteristics and associated outcomes.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> A total of 149 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease were hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Of those, 38 deaths (25.5%) were reported. Deaths were associated with longer durations of renal replacement therapy, higher levels of C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and procalcitonin, lower potassium levels at admission, and lower lymphocyte levels during hospitalization. Agglomerative clustering identified three phenotypes in patients with different outcomes. The mortality rate was 2.6% in patients with phenotype 1, 32.4% in patients with phenotype 2, and 64.1% in patients with phenotype 3. Patients with phenotype 3 (the least favorable) were older and had a higher comorbidity index. They had also received renal replacement therapy for a longer period and initially suffered from severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients with phenotypes 1 and 2 did not differ in terms of age or comorbidities. However, patients with phenotype 2 had more severe baseline lung lesions, as determined by computed tomography, and higher levels of systemic inflammation markers (C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, and ferritin).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> By predicting the progression of the COVID-19 in patients on peritoneal dialysis, we can distinguish three phenotypes characterized by differences in treatment duration, levels of inflammation markers (C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase), and severity of pneumonia. These findings support the need for early risk stratification and multicenter studies to optimize clinical decisions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Пандемия COVID-19 существенно изменила подходы к лечению пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями, в том числе получающих заместительную почечную терапию, включающую гемодиализ и перитонеальный диализ, по поводу терминальной стадии почечной недостаточности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Выявить клинические фенотипы пациентов с COVID-19, находящихся на перитонеальном диализе, определить факторы риска, ассоциированные с неблагоприятными исходами (включая летальные), и оценить их влияние на дальнейшее течение терминальной стадии почечной недостаточности.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Провели ретроспективный анализ клинических данных пациентов на перитонеальном диализе, госпитализированных с подтверждённой инфекцией COVID-19 в Государственном бюджетном учреждении здравоохранения «Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр Больница 52» в период с марта 2020 года по июль 2023 года. Оценили факторы, ассоциированные с неблагоприятными и летальными исходами. Методом агломеративной иерархической кластеризации выявили и описали три клинических фенотипа пациентов с COVID-19 на перитонеальном диализе, различающихся по характеристикам и исходам.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> За период исследования было госпитализировано 149 пациентов с терминальной стадией почечной недостаточности, получающих перитонеальный диализ, с подтверждённой инфекцией COVID-19. Зафиксировано 38 летальных исходов, что составило 25,5% общего числа пациентов. Летальные исходы были ассоциированы с более длительной заместительной почечной терапией, повышенной концентрацией С-реактивного белка, лактатдегидрогеназы и прокальцитонина, а также пониженным содержанием калия при поступлении в стационар и лимфопенией во время госпитализации. Методом агломеративной кластеризации установили три фенотипа с различными исходами. Уровень смертности среди пациентов фенотипа 1 составил 2,6%, среди пациентов фенотипа 2 — 32,4%, а среди пациентов фенотипа 3 — 64,1%. Пациенты наименее благоприятного фенотипа 3 отличались старшим возрастом, более высоким индексом коморбидности, достоверно большей продолжительностью заместительной почечной терапии, а также изначально более тяжёлым течением пневмонии, ассоциированной с COVID-19. Пациенты фенотипов 1 и 2 не имели достоверных различий по возрасту и сопутствующим заболеваниям. Однако пациенты фенотипа 2 демонстрировали наиболее обширные поражения лёгких по данным компьютерной томографии и более высокие концентрации маркёров системного воспаления (С-реактивного белка, лактатдегидрогеназы, прокальцитонина и ферритина).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Течение COVID-19 у пациентов на перитонеальном диализе позволяет выделить три прогностических фенотипа, различающихся по продолжительности заместительной терапии, концентрации воспалительных маркёров (С-реактивного белка и лактатдегидрогеназы) и тяжести пневмонии. Полученные результаты подтверждают необходимость ранней стратификации риска и проведения многоцентровых исследований для оптимизации клинического ведения данной категории пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>peritoneal dialysis</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>treatment outcome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>перитонеальный диализ</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>исход</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>AbiFaraj F, Lee D, Lacovara M, et al. Survey of peritoneal dialysis patients’ challenges and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicenter study in the United States. Kidney360. 2023;4(9): e1276–e1285. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000202 EDN: LNCPLS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Cai R, Zhang J, Zhu Y, et al. 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