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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">676880</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID676880</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NKPXLX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Necrotizing pneumonia in a three-year-old child: a case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Деструктивная пневмония у ребёнка трёх лет: клинический случай</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6167-1882</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4490-1675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulatova</surname><given-names>Asiya Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булатова</surname><given-names>Асия Халитовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>Asiyakhaertynova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0104-5895</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4103-5663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Ирина Венидиктовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р. мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>irinanicolaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-8964</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3416-9257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamidullina</surname><given-names>Zulfiya L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамидуллина</surname><given-names>Зульфия Локмановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zulfiya.hami@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-8135</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9603-4631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Amerkhanov</surname><given-names>Niyaz Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амерханов</surname><given-names>Нияз Зуфарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>niyaz.amerkhanov@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6823-0553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murtazaliev</surname><given-names>Ibrahim Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муртазалиев</surname><given-names>Ибрагим Юнусович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Ibragim.Murtazaliev@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Professor A.F. Agafonov Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканская клиническая инфекционная больница им. профессора А.Ф. Агафонова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican children clinical hospital, Kazan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская республиканская клиническая больница, Казань</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>137</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-05"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-24"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-10-09"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/676880">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/676880</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Community-acquired pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children. One of the most serious complications of community-acquired pneumonia is pulmonary tissue destruction which may result in lung abscess, pleural empyema, and other pathological conditions. The key etiologic agents of necrotizing pneumonia are <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae </italic>(serotypes 3 and 19A) and <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>. Other potential pathogens include <italic>Haemophilus influenzae, Aspergillus</italic> spp., <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae</italic>. Necrotizing pneumonia should be suspected in patients with persistent fever and inflammatory changes in laboratory blood tests despite ongoing antibacterial therapy.</p> <p>This article describes a case of necrotizing pneumonia in a 3-year-old child caused by mixed infection with <italic>S. pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae</italic> and <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic>. The patient experienced fever for 15 days without signs of respiratory failure. Blood tests revealed pronounced inflammatory changes, including leukocytosis up to 21.9 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L, neutrophilia up to 82.9%, and elevated C-reactive protein up to 189.9 mg/L. Combined therapy with cephalosporins and macrolides was ineffective. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography performed on day 13 of disease demonstrated a large area of pulmonary tissue destruction with irregularly thickened walls in segments S VI–S IX of the right lower lobe. <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> was isolated from sputum, <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> antigen was detected in urine, and IgM antibodies to <italic>M. pneumoniae</italic> were identified in serum. Antibacterial therapy with linezolid, aminoglycosides, and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (“protected aminopenicillins”) resulted in clinical improvement, and the patient was discharged on day 24 of disease.</p> <p>This case demonstrates the potential for necrotizing pneumonia to develop due to co-infection with <italic>S. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae</italic> and <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic>. These findings should be considered when adjusting ineffective antibacterial therapy in this condition.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Внебольничная пневмония занимает ведущее место в общей структуре заболеваемости и смертности среди детей. Одним из серьёзных осложнений внебольничных пневмоний является деструкция лёгочной ткани с развитием абсцесса лёгких, эмпиемы плевры и других патологических состояний. Ключевыми возбудителями деструктивной пневмонии выступают <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> (серотипы 3 и 19А) и <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>. Среди других возможных патогенов выделяют <italic>Haemophilus influenzae</italic>,<italic> Aspergillus</italic> spp.,<italic> Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>, <italic>Legionella pneumophila</italic>,<italic> Klebsiella pneumoniae</italic>. Деструктивную пневмонию следует заподозрить при длительно сохраняющейся лихорадке и воспалительных изменениях в лабораторных показателях крови, на фоне проводимой антибактериальной терапии.</p> <p>В статье описан случай деструктивной пневмонии у ребёнка 3 лет, вызванной микст-инфекцией <italic>S. pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae</italic> и <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic>. Лихорадка у пациента сохранялась в течение 15 дней, при этом заболевание протекало без признаков дыхательной недостаточности. В анализах крови отмечали выраженные воспалительные изменения, а именно увеличение содержания лейкоцитов до 21,9×10<sup>9</sup>/л, нейтрофилов до 82,9% и С-реактивного белка до 189,9 мг/л. Комбинированная терапия цефалоспоринами и макролидами не дала эффекта. При проведении рентгеноконтрастной компьютерной томографии органов грудной клетки у пациента на 13-й день болезни в сегментах S VI–S IX нижней доли правого лёгкого выявили обширный участок деструкции лёгочной ткани с неравномерно утолщёнными стенками. Из мокроты ребёнка выделили <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic>, в моче обнаружили антиген <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic>, в крови выявили IgM-антитела к <italic>M. pneumoniae</italic>. На фоне проводимой антибактериальной терапии линезолидом, аминогликозидами и защищёнными аминопенициллинами отмечали положительную динамику и пациента выписали на 24-й день болезни.</p> <p>Описанный случай демонстрирует возможность развития деструктивной пневмонии, обусловленной ассоциацией возбудителей <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic>,<italic> M. pneumoniae</italic> и <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic>. Полученные данные следует учитывать при коррекции неэффективной антибактериальной терапии данного заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>necrotizing pneumonia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>деструктивная пневмония</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baranov AA, Kozlov RS, Namazova-Baranova LS, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in children &gt;3 months: Clinical guidelines. Moscow; 2022. (In Russ.) 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