Epidemiology and Infectious DiseasesEpidemiology and Infectious DiseasesЭпидемиология и инфекционные болезни3034-20073034-2015Eco-Vector65410510.17816/EID654105PNJZOLHistorical ArticlesИсторические статьиResearch ArticleSurgical Hand Antisepsis in the Soviet Union: Stages of Development, Technical Capabilities, and TechnologiesХирургическая антисептика рук в Советском Союзе: этапы становления, технические возможности и технологииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5003-11102422-3870SisinEvgeny I.СисинЕвгений Игоревич
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

канд. мед. наук, доцент

evg-sisin1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-21656133-2572GolubkovaAlla A.ГолубковаАлла Александровна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

allagolubkova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-1786KozlovaIrina I.КозловаИрина Ивановна
Russian Federation
epid_fgu3@xmao.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-57236612-5090EzhovaOlga A.ЕжоваОльга Андреевна
Russian Federation
epid@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-1380-74238425-4900BerezikovaKsenia I.БерезиковаКсения Ивановна
Russian Federation
berezikova_ksenia@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-0978-78221345-3895GorbunovaInna E.ГорбуноваИнна Эдуардовна
Russian Federation
innagorbunova25@gmail.comKhanty-Mansiysk State Medical AcademyХанты-Мансийская государственная медицинская академияCenter for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug ― YugraЦентр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе ― ЮгреCentral Research Institute of EpidemiologyЦентральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологииRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationРоссийская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияDepartment of Healthcare of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug ― YugraДепартамент здравоохранения Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа ― ЮгрыNyagan City ClinicНяганская городская поликлиника04042025140420252964554660902202528022025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-vectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-вектор2025Eco-vectorЭко-векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/654105

The earliest references to surgical hand antisepsis in Russia date back to the 18th century and are associated with the Russian physician Daniil Samoylovich, who, during a plague epidemic in Moscow, suggested treating hands with a vinegar-based solution when performing surgical opening of plague buboes. Subsequently, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the development of surgical hand antisepsis in Russia was influenced by European surgical schools, though it retained its distinct features shaped by the priority of addressing battlefield surgery needs and the use of available chemical agents with antiseptic properties in practice.

In the Soviet period, methods of surgical antisepsis were adjusted in line with the recommendations of national surgical schools, including adaptations made during wartime. This period was marked by the centralization of scientific research and its discussion within the professional medical community, followed by implementation into practice. The most important achievement of this period was the standardization and simplification of antiseptic techniques, which ensured their effectiveness in military field settings despite scarcity of time and resources.

This article provides a retrospective analysis of literary sources reflecting the evolution of surgical hand antisepsis technologies and practices in the USSR from 1917 to 1991. It highlights the contributions of domestic scientists to the advancement of the theory and practice of surgical antisepsis, as well as their prominent efforts in ensuring biosafety.

Первые сведения о хирургической антисептике рук в России относятся к XVIII веку и связаны с именем русского врача Даниила Самойловича, который во время эпидемии чумы в Москве предложил при вскрытии чумного бубона обрабатывать руки средством на основе уксуса. В дальнейшем, в конце XIX – начале XX столетия хирургическая антисептика рук в России формировалась под влиянием европейских хирургических школ, хотя и сохраняла свои самобытные черты, обусловленные приоритетностью решения задач военно-полевой хирургии и возможностью использования доступных на практике химических соединений с антисептической активностью.

В советский период методы хирургической антисептики корректировали с учётом рекомендаций отечественных хирургических школ, в том числе в условиях военного времени. Данный этап характеризовался централизацией научных исследований и их обсуждением на уровне профессионального сообщества с последующим внедрением в практику. Важнейшим достижением этого этапа были унификация и упрощение технологий антисептики, обеспечивающих её эффективность в военно-полевых условиях при дефиците времени и ресурсов.

В статье в исторической ретроспективе представлен анализ литературных источников, отражающих динамику развития технологий и средств, применявшихся для хирургической антисептики рук в СССР, за период с 1917 по 1991 год. Показан вклад отечественных учёных в развитии теории и практики хирургической антисептики в нашей стране и их подвижническая роль в обеспечении биобезопасности.

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