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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">654005</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID654005</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LLZXLI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Characteristics of Unique Imported Vibrio cholerae Strains Which Caused Cases of Acute Intestinal Infection in Moscow in 2023</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Характеристика уникальных завозных штаммов холерных вибрионов, вызвавших в 2023 году в Москве случаи острой кишечной инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9216-7777</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3091-5680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Monakhova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Монахова</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук</p></bio><email>monakhova_ev@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-2778</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9767-2936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruglikov</surname><given-names>Vladimir D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кругликов</surname><given-names>Владимир Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>kruglikov_vd@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-4189</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4424-8963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podoinitsyna</surname><given-names>Oksana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подойницына</surname><given-names>Оксана Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>podoynitcina_oa@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-3231</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7319-3037</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodopyanov</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водопьянов</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>vodopyanov_as@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-6791</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3314-8774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nepomnyashchaya</surname><given-names>Natalia B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Непомнящая</surname><given-names>Наталья Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nepomniashchaia_nb@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-9153</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6050-0361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evteev</surname><given-names>Artem V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евтеев</surname><given-names>Артем Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>evteev_av@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-3628</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3143-4788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaevskaya</surname><given-names>Natalia E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаевская</surname><given-names>Наталья Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>gaevskaya_ne@antiplague.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov-on-Don Plague Control Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский-на-Дону ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский противочумный институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-04-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>407</fpage><lpage>414</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-24"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-05-21"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/654005">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/654005</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>In 2023, two cases of acute intestinal infection caused by identical strains of <italic>Vibrio cholerae El Tor</italic> carrying the preCTX prophage and the classical allele of the <italic>tcpA</italic> gene were reported in Russia for the first time. The patients had recently visited Asian countries (Indonesia, Bangladesh, and India). A detailed molecular genetic characterization of the pathogens was required to assess their pathogenic potential.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To provide phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of <italic>Vibrio cholerae</italic> O1 strains imported to Moscow in 2023 and isolated from patients with acute intestinal infection.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>In this study, whole-genome sequences (WGSs) were obtained using the <italic>MiSeq Illumina </italic>platform. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using <italic>Vector NTI Advance, BioEdit, BLASTN</italic>, BLASTP, and CARD, as well as the <italic>pygenomeviz</italic> and <italic>biopython</italic> packages.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The studied strains belonged to the biovar <italic>El Tor</italic>, serovar <italic>Ogawa</italic>, and had identical antibiotic resistance profiles. Their genomes contained the preCTX and RS1 prophages with a unique gene composition. RS1 harbored the <italic>rstR</italic><italic><sup>calc</sup></italic> gene (<italic>Calcutta</italic> variant), while the RS2 element of preCTX contained the <italic>rstR</italic><italic><sup>class</sup></italic> gene (classical variant), as well as an additional <italic>orfX</italic> gene of unknown function. Within the complete VPI-1 pathogenicity island, the <italic>tcp</italic> cluster — responsible for the production of toxin-coregulated pili — demonstrated significant differences from prototypes in the <italic>tcpF</italic> and <italic>toxT</italic> genes, although their products retained characteristic active domains. The <italic>tcpA</italic> gene was of the classical type but differed from the prototype by three single nucleotide polymorphisms. The strains also possessed a wide array of intact genetic determinants of pathogenicity factors characteristic for the biovar <italic>El Tor</italic>, sufficient to express its full pathogenic potential.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The analyzed <italic>Vibrio cholerae</italic> strains were imported from India, Bangladesh, or Indonesia and are linked by a common source of infection and a transmission pathway. The risk of further importation of such or similar strains persists, and the characterized isolates can be used as reference strains for cholera surveillance studies in the Russian Federation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В 2023 году в России впервые были зарегистрированы два случая острой кишечной инфекции, вызванные идентичными штаммами <italic>Vibrio cholerae</italic> Эль-Тор, содержащими профаг preCTX и классический аллель гена <italic>tcpA</italic>. Заболевшие накануне посетили страны Азии (Индонезию, Бангладеш, Индию). Для определения патогенетического потенциала возбудителей требовалась их детальная молекулярно-генетическая характеристика.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― фенотипическая и генотипическая характеристика штаммов <italic>Vibrio cholerae</italic> O1, завезённых в Москву в 2023 году и выделенных от больных острой кишечной инфекцией.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В работе использованы полногеномные сиквенсы (WGSs), полученные на платформе MiSeq Illumina. Биоинформационный анализ выполняли с помощью программ Vector NTI Advance, BioEdit, BLASTN, BLASTP, CARD, пакетов pygenomeviz, biopython.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Исследуемые штаммы относились к биовару Эль-Тор, серовару Огава, имели одинаковые спектры антибиотикорезистентности. В их геномах присутствовали профаги preCTX и RS1 c уникальным составом генов. RS1 содержал ген <italic>rstR</italic><italic><sup>calc</sup></italic> (Калькутта), а RS2-элемент preCTX ― <italic>rstR</italic><italic><sup>class</sup></italic> (классический), а также дополнительный ген <italic>orfX</italic> с неизвестной функцией. В полном острове патогенности VPI-1 <italic>tcp</italic>-кластер, ответственный за продукцию токсин-корегулируемых пилей, имел существенные отличия от прототипов по генам <italic>tcpF</italic> и <italic>toxT</italic>, но их продукты сохранили характерные активные домены. Ген <italic>tcpA</italic> относился к классическому типу, но отличался от прототипа тремя однонуклеотидными полиморфизмами. У штаммов также обнаружен обширный набор характерных для вибрионов Эль-Тор интактных генетических детерминант факторов патогенности, достаточных для реализации патогенетического потенциала.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Изученные штаммы холерных вибрионов были завезены из Индии, Бангладеш либо Индонезии и связаны единым источником заражения и фактором передачи инфекции. Риск завоза таких и подобных штаммов сохраняется, и охарактеризованные изоляты могут быть использованы в качестве эталонных при мониторинговых исследованиях на холеру на территории Российской Федерации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vibrio cholerae O1</kwd><kwd>preCTX</kwd><kwd>RS1</kwd><kwd>TCP</kwd><kwd>pathogenicity factors</kwd><kwd>bioinformatics analysis</kwd><kwd>pathogenetic potential</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Vibrio cholerae O1</kwd><kwd>preCTX</kwd><kwd>RS1</kwd><kwd>TCP</kwd><kwd>факторы патогенности</kwd><kwd>биоинформационный анализ</kwd><kwd>патогенетический потенциал</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Monakhova EV, Ghosh A, Mutreja A, et al. Endemic cholera in India and imported cholera in Russia: What is common? Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2020;(3):17–26. 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