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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642150</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID642150</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WNBBIB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Complete blood count as a tool for risk stratification in COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинический анализ крови как инструмент стратификации риска при COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-0312</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7290-8377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluektova</surname><given-names>Victoria B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полуэктова</surname><given-names>Виктория Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>viktoriya211@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrikov</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриков</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>petrikovss@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-0451</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6311-6795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klychnikova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клычникова</surname><given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>klychnikovaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-9737</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2212-5646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sankova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санькова</surname><given-names>Мария Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>cankov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0188-543X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2906-0605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larina</surname><given-names>Svetlana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларина</surname><given-names>Светлана Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>snlarina07@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6079-1228</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1994-3086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tazina</surname><given-names>Elizaveta V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тазина</surname><given-names>Елизавета Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pharmacy)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. фармацевт. наук</p></bio><email>ltazina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-4510</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3342-4681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volchkova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волчкова</surname><given-names>Елена Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>antononina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-22"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-06"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/642150">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/642150</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:<italic> </italic></bold>The causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to circulate in the population and causes severe cases. A favorable outcome depends on timely assessment of disease severity in the early stages, prompt hospitalization, and appropriate therapeutic adjustments. The complete blood count, performed during initial diagnostics, has proven to be one of the most important tools for assessing disease severity.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The study aimed to evaluate quantitative and calculated complete blood count parameters depending on disease severity at hospital admission and over time, and to identify predictors of adverse outcomes.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A retrospective analysis was conducted of medical records from 122 patients admitted between March and July 2021 to the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine with confirmed COVID-19 (severe course) within 3 days of symptom onset. Based on outcomes, all patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1, survivors; and group 2, deceased. All patients underwent venous blood sampling at admission and on day 7 of hospitalization, with analysis performed using the ADVIA 2120i hematology analyzer. Additionally, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammation index were calculated. Quantitative and calculated complete blood count parameters were assessed relative to reference values and compared between groups over time. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 and MedCalc 11.5.00.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Compared with group 1, patients in group 2 had higher absolute leukocyte and neutrophil counts and lower lymphocyte and eosinophil counts at all time points. Platelet count showed divergent trend: in group 1, there was a tendency toward an increase by day 7, whereas group 2 demonstrated a consistent decrease. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates were comparable between the groups in the early stages of the disease, but by day 7, a marked increase and a decrease were observed in group 2 and in group 1, respectively. The most informative parameters were the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammation index, which showed statistically significant intergroup differences and were consistently higher in group 2 at all time points.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Lymphocyte count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are early sensitive bioindicators that reflect disease severity, treatment effectiveness, and prognosis in COVID-19.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Возбудитель коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) продолжает циркулировать среди населения и вызывать тяжёлые формы заболевания. Его благоприятный исход зависит от правильной оценки состояния тяжести пациентов в ранние сроки, своевременной госпитализации и грамотной коррекции проводимой терапии. Общий анализ крови, выполняемый при первичной диагностике, показал себя как один из наиболее значимых в оценке тяжести состояния пациента.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценка количественных и расчётных показателей общего анализа крови в зависимости от степени тяжести пациента при поступлении в стационар и в динамике, а также выявление предикторов неблагоприятного исхода заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведён ретроспективный анализ историй болезни 122 пациентов, поступивших в период с марта по июль 2021 г. в Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского с подтверждённым диагнозом COVID-19 (тяжёлое течение) не позднее трёх суток от начала заболевания. В зависимости от его исхода все пациенты разделены на две группы: 1-я группа — выжившие, 2-я группа — умершие. У всех пациентов при поступлении и на седьмой день нахождения в стационаре осуществляли забор венозной крови с последующим исследованием на гематологическом анализаторе ADVIA 2120i. Дополнительно рассчитывали нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарное и тромбоцитарно-лимфоцитарное соотношения, а также индекс системного воспаления. Количественную и расчётную оценку показателей клинического анализа крови проводили в сравнении с референсными значениями нормы и между двумя сформированными группами в динамике наблюдения. Статистическую обработку полученных данных осуществляли с помощью программ SPSS 20.0 и MedCalc 11.5.00.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Пациенты 2-й группы по сравнению с 1-й имели более высокие абсолютные значения лейкоцитов и нейтрофилов, а также более низкие значения лимфоцитов и эозинофилов на всех сроках наблюдения. Показатель количества тромбоцитов имел разнонаправленную динамику: в 1-й группе наблюдали тенденцию к его росту на 7 сутки, во 2-й группе — стабильное снижение. Значения скорости оседания эритроцитов были сопоставимы в обеих группах на ранних этапах заболевания, резко нарастая к 7 суткам у пациентов 2-й группы и снижаясь в 1-й группе. Наиболее показательными оказались нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарное и тромбоцитарно-лимфоцитарное соотношения, а также индекс системного воспаления, значения которых имели статистически значимые различия между собой, а также были статистически значимо выше у пациентов 2-й группы на всех этапах наблюдения.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Количество лимфоцитов и нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарное соотношение являются ранними чувствительными биоиндикаторами, свидетельствующими о тяжести течения инфекционного процесса, эффективности проводимой терапии и прогнозе исхода COVID-19.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>disease severity</kwd><kwd>lymphocyte count</kwd><kwd>neutrophil count</kwd><kwd>prognostic laboratory biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>тяжесть заболевания</kwd><kwd>количество лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>количество нейтрофилов</kwd><kwd>лабораторные предикторы неблагоприятного исхода</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Saberiyan M, Karimi E, Khademi Z, et al. 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