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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">636229</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID636229</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UECWJZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current State of Vaccine Prophylaxis and Its Resource Supply in the Post-Pandemic Period: a Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современное состояние вакцинопрофилактики и её ресурсное обеспечение в постпандемический период: научный обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2434-6706</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5473-5651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaeva</surname><given-names>Victoria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаева</surname><given-names>Виктория Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>minaevava@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-2165</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6133-2572</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubkova</surname><given-names>Alla A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубкова</surname><given-names>Алла Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>allagolubkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s City Polyclinic No. 86</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская поликлиника № 86</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>432</fpage><lpage>443</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-18"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-18"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-05-21"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/636229">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/636229</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At present, the global community views vaccination as the most accessible and economically efficient infection control technology, a pathway to active longevity, and one of the most powerful public health tools with proven epidemiological effectiveness. The National Immunization Schedule (NIS) of the Russian Federation is constantly being improved in response to various challenges and changes in the epidemic situation. In recent years, the list of infections for which vaccines have been included in the NIS has expanded, including for epidemic indications; the vaccination strategy has changed in terms of expanding the indications for vaccination in the populations at risk. However, the existing system of vaccination coverage indicators in target groups does not allow for monitoring the timeliness of vaccination initiation, as it only considers those who have completed the immunization process. Vaccinations outside the target age groups do not ensure protection for infants, who are the most vulnerable to infection, and the catch-up and clean-up vaccination strategies do not quickly correct missed vaccination opportunities within the prescribed timelines, which has led to an unstable situation in recent years regarding several vaccine-preventable infections such as measles, pertussis, and mumps.</p> <p>It should be noted that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the routine vaccination programs for children suffered significantly. A substantial disruption in immunization of varying degrees occurred in all regions monitored by the World Health Organization (WHO). As early as May 2020, in the first year of the pandemic, the WHO reported that at least 80 million children under the age of one year had missed vital vaccinations. The emerging problems can only be addressed promptly through the use of modern digital technologies, with the development of entirely new qualitative indicators for assessing the vaccination coverage of the pediatric population at all levels of outpatient care (local health districts, outpatient departments, ambulatory care centers) and educational institutions for children.</p> <p>Lack of information on the timeliness of vaccination initiation in paper reports does not allow for prompt assessment and correction of the situation. The transition to digital technologies in vaccination reporting makes is possible to address these shortcomings in real time and implement corrective actions in a timely manner. Another key area in improving epidemiological surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases is the assessment of the extent to which disease incidence and transmission rates in a given area depend on preventive vaccination coverage, as well as the monitoring of vaccine composition compatibility with the antigenic profiles of circulating genetic variants of pathogens — activities that require modern resource support.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время мировое сообщество рассматривает вакцинацию как наиболее доступную и экономически эффективную технологию борьбы с инфекциями, как путь к активному долголетию и как один из самых мощных инструментов общественного здравоохранения с доказанной эпидемиологической эффективностью. Национальный календарь профилактических прививок Российской Федерации постоянно совершенствуется с учётом вызовов времени и изменений в эпидемической ситуации. В последние годы расширился список инфекций, прививки против которых были включены в национальный календарь профилактических прививок, в том числе по эпидемическим показаниям; изменилась стратегия вакцинопрофилактики в части расширения показаний для прививок у контингента с рисками здоровью. Однако существующая система оценочных показателей привитости в индикаторных группах не позволяет контролировать своевременность начала прививок, так как учитывает только лиц, закончивших вакцинацию. Прививки вне декретированного возраста не позволяют обеспечить защиту детей раннего возраста, наиболее уязвимых к инфекции, а стратегии догоняющей (catch up) и подчищающей (clean up) вакцинации не позволяют оперативно скорректировать упущенные возможности для вакцинации в календарные сроки, что в последние годы привело к нестабильной ситуации по ряду прививаемых инфекций, таких как корь, коклюш, эпидемический паротит.</p> <p>Следует констатировать, что во время пандемии COVID-19 система плановой вакцинации детей значительно пострадала. Существенный сбой в иммунизации произошёл во всех регионах, курируемых Всемирной организацией здравоохранения, хотя и в разной степени. Уже в мае 2020 года, т.е. в первый год пандемии, Всемирная организация здравоохранения сообщила о том, что по меньшей мере 80 млн детей в возрасте до 1 года пропустили жизненно важные прививки. Оперативно решить возникающие проблемы возможно только путём применения современных цифровых технологий с разработкой на их основе абсолютно новых качественных показателей оценки привитости детского населения на всех уровнях амбулаторной помощи (участок, отделение, поликлиника) и детских образовательных учреждений.</p> <p>Отсутствие информации о своевременности начала вакцинации в отчётах на бумажных носителях не позволяет оперативно оценить и исправить ситуацию. Переход к цифровым технологиям в отчётности по прививкам позволяет устранить эти недостатки в реальном времени и своевременно включить коррекционные мероприятия. Другим направлением в совершенствовании эпидемиологического надзора за вакцинопрофилактикой являются оценка степени зависимости заболеваемости вакциноуправляемыми инфекциями на территории и уровня воспроизводства инфекции от полноты охвата профилактическими прививками, а также мониторинг соответствия состава вакцин антигенному профилю циркулирующих в популяции геновариантов возбудителей, что требует современного ресурсного обеспечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>vaccine hesitancy</kwd><kwd>immunization programs</kwd><kwd>vaccination coverage</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>нерешительность в отношении вакцинации</kwd><kwd>программы иммунизации</kwd><kwd>охват вакцинацией</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Feldblyum IV. Epidemiologic surveillance over preventive vaccination. 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