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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">628868</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID628868</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Manifestation of epidemic process, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients in the early period of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проявления эпидемического процесса и клинико-эпидемиологические характеристики пациентов в раннем периоде эпидемии COVID-19 в России</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0625-0284</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5281-1670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomicheva</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомичева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anastasia.fomichova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-4330</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2314-2076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pimenov</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пименов</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>n.pimenov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-5455</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2810-3381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>Светлана Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>svet056@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7319-0712</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7260-6505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Urtikov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уртиков</surname><given-names>Александр Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>urtikovav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3709-3900</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4179-8094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakhautdinov</surname><given-names>Artur R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахаутдинов</surname><given-names>Артур Римилевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sahautdinov91@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2124-0623</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9549-8053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strelkova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрелкова</surname><given-names>Дарья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dashastrelkova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-0867</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8956-9125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekludova</surname><given-names>Galina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неклюдова</surname><given-names>Галина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>nekludova_gala@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3329-7846</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1075-7329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rachina</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рачина</surname><given-names>Светлана Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>rachina_s_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1645-5524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-9293</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2336-4545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chulanov</surname><given-names>Vladimir P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуланов</surname><given-names>Владимир Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vladimir@chulanov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sirius University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-07"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-05-16"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/628868">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/628868</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>: </italic>The COVID-19 pandemic became a challenge and caused significant social and economic damage to most countries. For the most objective assessment of the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 during different periods of the epidemic, studies based on a large volume of data on patients identified throughout the Russian Federation are necessary.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>:</italic> To analyze the epidemic process and clinical and epidemiological features of adult patients with COVID-19 identified during the first and second periods of the rise and decline in the incidence of COVID-19 in Russia.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold><italic>:</italic> This study included patients aged ≥18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and identified in the periods from March 2, 2020, to June 30, 2020 (<italic>n</italic>=286,205) and from November 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021 (<italic>n</italic>=1 655 022), in Russia.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>:</italic> At the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia, two periods of the rise and fall in incidence were noted: March–August 2020 and September 2020–May 2021, using the Wald–Wolfowitz test. The median age of the patients with COVID-19 in the first and second periods were 50.0 [37–62] and 52.0 [39–64] years, respectively, and women accounted for 55.5 and 60.1% of the patients, respectively. The distributions of patients according to disease severity in the first and second periods were as follows: mild, 63.0 and 74.4%; moderate, 29.0 and 20.1%; severe, 4.9 and 3.5%; extremely severe, 3.1 and 2.1%, respectively. In the first and second periods, cases were dominated by patients aged 50–59 years (20.5%) and 60–69 years (20.5%), respectively. In both periods, the median duration from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 4 days, the median disease durations were 16.0 [12–21] and 13 [10–17], and the median duration of hospitalization were 15.0 [12–20] and 13.0 [10–18]. The hospitalization rates were 48.4 and 25.6% in the first and second periods; transfer rates to the ICU, 7.8 and 10.3%; and invasive mechanical ventilation rates, 5.6 and 7.7%, respectively. In both periods, the median age at death was 73 [66–82] years, with a higher proportion of men aged 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years. The presence of one or more chronic diseases, as well as male sex, increased the likelihood of death (odds ratio = 10.2 and 1.3 in the first period; odds ratio = 16.0 and 1.6 in the second period).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold><italic>:</italic> In the early period of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia, related to the spread of the wild strain of SARS-CoV-2 and genetically closely related variants, the manifestations of the epidemic process and clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients varied. In the second period with higher incidence and mortality rates than the first period, the frequency of severe and extremely severe COVID-19 and the frequency and duration of hospitalizations decreased; however, the frequency of transfers into the intensive care unit and artificial lung ventilation slightly increased.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Пандемия COVID-19 стала серьёзным вызовом всему человечеству и нанесла значительный социальный и экономический ущерб большинству стран. Для наиболее объективной оценки эпидемиологических и клинических особенностей новой коронавирусной инфекции необходимо проведение исследований, основанных на большом объёме данных о пациентах, выявленных в разные периоды эпидемии на всей территории Российской Федерации.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — определить основные проявления эпидемического процесса и клинико-эпидемиологические особенности взрослых пациентов с COVID-19, обнаруженные в первый и второй периоды подъёма и спада заболеваемости новой коронавирусной инфекцией в России.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование были включены пациенты в возрасте ≥18 лет с подтверждённым диагнозом COVID-19, выявленные в периоды с 02.03.2020 по 30.06.2020 (<italic>n</italic>=286 205) и с 01.11.2020 по 31.01.2021 (<italic>n</italic>=1 655 022) на территории 85 субъектов РФ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. На раннем этапе эпидемии COVID-19 в России с помощью критерия Вальда–Вольфовица выделены 2 периода подъёма и спада заболеваемости: март–август 2020 года и сентябрь 2020 года – май 2021 года. Медиана возраста пациентов с COVID-19 в первый период составила 50,0 [37–62] лет, во второй — 52,0 [39–64] года; доля лиц женского пола — 55,5 и 60,1% соответственно. Распределение пациентов по тяжести течения заболевания в первый и второй периоды составило: лёгкое — 63,0 и 74,4%; среднетяжёлое — 29,0 и 20,1%; тяжёлое — 4,9 и 3,5%; крайне тяжёлое — 3,1 и 2,1% соответственно. В первый период в структуре заболевших преобладали лица в возрастной группе 50–59 лет (20,5%), во второй — 60–69 лет (20,5%). Медиана длительности периода от появления симптомов до установления диагноза составила 4 дня в оба периода, медиана длительности течения заболевания — 16,0 [12–21] и 13 [10–17], медиана длительности госпитализации — 15,0 [12–20] и 13,0 [10–18]. Частота госпитализаций — 48,4 и 25,6% в первый и второй периоды, доля пациентов в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии — 7,8 и 10,3%, переводов на искусственную вентиляцию легких — 5,6 и 7,7% соответственно. В оба периода медиана возраста умерших составила 73 [66–82] года, при этом в возрастных группах 30–39, 40–49, 50–59 и 60–69 лет доля мужчин среди умерших была выше. Наличие одного и более хронических заболеваний, а также мужской пол увеличивали вероятность летального исхода (ОШ=10,2 и ОШ=1,3 в первый период; ОШ=16,0 и ОШ=1,6 во второй период соответственно).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. В раннем периоде эпидемии COVID-19 в России, связанном с распространением дикого штамма SARS-CoV-2 и генетически близкородственных линий, обнаружены отличия в проявлениях эпидемического процесса и клинико-эпидемиологических характеристиках пациентов. Во втором периоде на фоне более высоких показателей заболеваемости и смертности по сравнению с первым периодом наблюдалось снижение частоты тяжёлого и крайне тяжёлого течения COVID-19, снижение частоты и длительности госпитализаций, но отмечалось незначительное увеличение доли пациентов, проходивших лечение в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии, и частоты переводов на искусственную вентиляцию лёгких.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>hospitalization</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>госпитализация</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-45-00060</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ГосударственныЙ фонд естественных наук Китая</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">State Natural Science Foundation of China</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>72361137562</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. 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