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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">627123</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID627123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical cases of legionelliosis in the Krasnodar region during the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemic: difficulties in diagnosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Случаи легионеллёза в Краснодарском крае в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19: трудности диагностики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-8768</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2066-2690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeeva</surname><given-names>Marina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеева</surname><given-names>Марина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>avdeevam@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-1764</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1164-7038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blazhnyaya</surname><given-names>Lyudmila P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блажняя</surname><given-names>Людмила Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>p-blazhnyaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1401-6970</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9489-0057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moshkova</surname><given-names>Darya Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мошкова</surname><given-names>Дарья Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>Mrs_darya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1817-6664</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8090-3715</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulbuzheva</surname><given-names>Makka I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулбужева</surname><given-names>Макка Ибрагимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>kulbuzhevamakka@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5818-5287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savitskaya</surname><given-names>Ilina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савицкая</surname><given-names>Илина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>avdeevam@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5225-9296</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8490-1523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podsadnyaya</surname><given-names>Angelina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подсадняя</surname><given-names>Ангелина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>avdeevam@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2302-6214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirilenko</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириленко</surname><given-names>Наталья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nafany-78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9690-7285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovchuk</surname><given-names>Elena E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковчук</surname><given-names>Елена Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elena-yakovchuk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8032-3537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyavskaya</surname><given-names>Oksana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернявская</surname><given-names>Оксана Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kdlskib@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6945-7263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamonova</surname><given-names>Polina O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамонова</surname><given-names>Полина Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>polinadoncova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Specialized Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Специализированная клиническая инфекционная больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-17"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-07"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-05-16"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/627123">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/627123</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The high incidence of community-acquired pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic requires early differential diagnosis because of the differences in patient management techniques. Among community-acquired pneumonias, legionelliosis deserves special attention. The difficulty of clinical diagnosis of legionellosis during the COVID-19 pandemic leads to untimely prescription of specific antibacterial therapy, which worsens the prognosis. This study presents clinical examples that draw the attention of specialists to the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of legionellosis and to the important role of epidemiological data in the differential diagnosis of legionellosis with COVID-19.</p> <p>A feature of the described clinical cases was as follows: late diagnosis with hospitalization on days 7–10 of illness in patients with increased body mass index, severe bilateral polysegmental pneumonia with the formation of a cavity and multirow bullae in the lungs, presence of proteinuria, increased levels of urea and/or creatinine, and lymphopenia. In all cases, the patients had history of staying in air-conditioned rooms and traveling by train. Compute tomography diagnostics described a localization that is not typical for COVID-19, manifestation from areas of consolidation with a symptom of air bronchography, presence of pleural effusion, discrepancy between the intensity of changes from the disease onset, and severity of the patient’s condition.</p> <p>For the specific diagnosis of legionellosis, testing for <italic>Legionella spp</italic>. To determine the legionella antigen in the urine is recommended upon hospital admission for all patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Высокая заболеваемость внебольничными пневмониями на фоне сохраняющейся регистрации COVID-19 требует проведения ранней дифференциальной диагностики ввиду различной тактики ведения пациентов. Среди внебольничных пневмоний особого внимания заслуживают заболевания легионеллёзной природы. Сложность клинической диагностики легионеллёза в период пандемии COVID-19 ведёт к несвоевременному назначению специфической антибактериальной терапии, что ухудшает прогноз исхода заболевания. В работе приведены клинические примеры, обращающие внимание специалистов на особенности клинико-лабораторных и рентгенологических проявлений легионеллёза, а также на важную роль эпидемиологических данных для дифференциальной диагностики легионеллёза с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19.</p> <p>Особенностью описанных клинических случаев является: поздняя диагностика с госпитализацией на 7–10-й день болезни у пациентов, имеющих повышенный индекс массы тела; тяжёлое течение двусторонней полисегментарной пневмонии с формированием полости и многорядных булл в лёгких; наличие протеинурии, повышение уровня мочевины и/или креатинина, лимфопения. Во всех случаях отмечено нахождение в кондиционируемых помещениях, в том числе поездка в поезде. При КТ-диагностике описана нетипичная для COVID-19 локализация процесса, манифестация с участков консолидации с симптомом воздушной бронхографии, наличие плеврального выпота, несоответствие интенсивности изменений дню заболевания и тяжести состояния пациента.</p> <p>Для специфической диагностики легионеллёза тестирование на <italic>Legionella spp.</italic> с определением легионеллёзного антигена в моче рекомендуется проводить при поступлении в стационар всем пациентам с тяжёлой внебольничной пневмонией.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>legionellosis</kwd><kwd>clinic</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>computed tomography scan</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>легионеллёз</kwd><kwd>клиника</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cattan S, Thizy G, Michon A, et al. 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