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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">607427</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID607427</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of genetic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in forming of intra-annual increases in the incidence of COVID-19 in Perm Region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль генетических вариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2 в формировании внутригодовых подъёмов заболеваемости COVID-19 на территории Пермского края</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2729-2248</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4705-0671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergevnin</surname><given-names>Victor I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергевнин</surname><given-names>Виктор Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>viktor-sergevnin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2629-6995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>isaeva27iris@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-1001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhkova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рожкова</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>RozhkovaMary@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-4611</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1313-1740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markovich</surname><given-names>Nina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркович</surname><given-names>Нина Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>barhat120140@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Perm Region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Пермском крае</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm Regional Center for Control and Prevention of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский краевой центр по борьбе и профилактике со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm Center for Immunization</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский центр иммунопрофилактики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>343</fpage><lpage>352</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-11"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/607427">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/607427</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: The causes of intra-annual increases in COVID-19 incidence remain insufficiently studied.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: This study aimed to investigate the role of genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 in intra-annual increases of COVID-19 incidence in the Perm region.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: The monthly dynamics of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality of the population of the Perm region from March 2020 to December 31, 2022 was assessed. The analysis of the monthly frequency of isolation of patients with different genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 was conducted based on the study results of 2,592 samples from patients in the Perm region performed by specialized laboratories of research institutes in Russia between March 2021 and December 2022. The assessment of the incidence of IgG antibodies to coronavirus among the population was provided according to blood serum studies of 14,006 people.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: In 2020–2022, 4 rises in the incidence of COVID-19 were detected in the Perm region against the background of the emergence of new genetic variants of the pathogen, mainly Alpha, Delta, and Omicron. Increases in COVID-19 incidence and a change in the genetic structure of the pathogen were observed despite an increase in the proportion of people with SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the blood serum. Against the background of the third and fourth increases in morbidity, when the Omicron genotype acquired the leading etiological significance, the infection fatality rate decreased significantly.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold>: Intra-annual increases in COVID-19 incidence are largely associated with changes in the genetic structure of the pathogen and are observed despite an increase in the number of people among the population with IgG to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood serum.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Причины внутригодовых подъёмов заболеваемости COVID-19 остаются недостаточно изученными.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучить роль генетических вариантов SARS-CoV-2 в формировании внутригодовых подъёмов заболеваемости COVID-19 на территории Пермского края.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Проведена оценка помесячной динамики заболеваемости COVID-19 и летальности населения Пермского края за период с марта 2020 года по 31 декабря 2022 года. Анализ помесячной частоты выделения от больных разных генетических вариантов SARS-CoV-2 осуществляли по результатам исследований 2592 проб материала больных Пермского края, проведенных специализированными лабораториями ряда научно-исследовательских институтов Российской Федерации, за период с марта 2021 года по декабрь 2022 года. Оценку показателя встречаемости IgG-антител к коронавирусу среди населения проводили по данным исследований сыворотки крови 14 006 человек.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В течение 2020–2022 годов на территории Пермского края отмечено 4 подъёма заболеваемости COVID-19 на фоне появления новых генетических вариантов возбудителя, основными из которых были Alpha, Delta и Omicron. Подъёмы заболеваемости COVID-19 и смена генетической структуры возбудителя наблюдались несмотря на увеличение среди населения доли лиц с содержанием в сыворотке крови IgG к SARS-CoV-2. На фоне третьего и четвёртого подъёмов заболеваемости, когда ведущее этиологическое значение приобрёл генотип Omicron, летальность инфекции существенно снизилась.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Внутригодовые подъёмы заболеваемости COVID-19 в значительной степени связаны с изменениями генетической структуры возбудителя и наблюдаются несмотря на увеличение среди населения количества лиц с наличием в сыворотке крови IgG к SARS-CoV-2.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>IgG antibodies</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>генетические варианты SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>IgG-антитела</kwd><kwd>летальность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trotsenko OE, Korita TV, Kotova VO, et al. Еpidemiological and molecular-genetic peculiarities of COVID-19 infection during fifth wave of pandemic in constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation. The Far Eastern Journal of Infectious Pathology. 2022;(42):54–69. 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