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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">532724</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID532724</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of the immune response in early period of ixodid tick-borne borreliosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности иммунного ответа в ранний период иксодовых клещевых боррелиозов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8477-8551</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58103184700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">HGC-9557-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4710-0894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylov</surname><given-names>Kirill V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлов</surname><given-names>Кирилл Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research laboratory assistant of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>samoilov.krl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-9986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koval</surname><given-names>Daniil P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваль</surname><given-names>Даниил Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th year student </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 6 курса </p></bio><email>daniil.vova555@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7646-6905</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602611268</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5245-5958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyinskikh</surname><given-names>Ekaterina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильинских</surname><given-names>Екатерина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><email>infconf2009@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-8632</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8094-3417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>Evgenia N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Евгения Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>synamber@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-10-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>319</fpage><lpage>330</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-08"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-01"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-11-05"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/532724">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/532724</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lyme borreliosis is a group of transmissible infectious diseases that are similar in etiology, but diverse in clinical manifestations. The development of Lyme disease symptoms is due not only to the activity of the pathogen itself, but also to the result of its interaction with immune system of macroorganism. The first line of defense, represented by a variety of cellular and humoral components of innate immunity, is most rapidly involved in immune response, and it is it that seeks to limit dissemination of the causative agent from the initial site of infection. However, a wide range of protective surface proteins of Borrelia and a number of other structures aimed at avoiding immune mechanisms prevent the destruction of the pathogen. Not the last place in this dynamic process is occupied by ixodid ticks themselves, since the secret of their salivary glands has an inhibitory effect on a number of cells and complement system. In parallel with innate immunity, adaptive immune response factors are activated, serving as a second line of defense. The synthesis of specific antibodies in the early period of Lyme disease has its own ambiguous features, but this does not exclude their importance in fight against borreliosis infection. To date, the issues of interaction with dendritic cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes remain less studied. Research of all aspects, including little-studied ones, is extremely important for both practical healthcare and fundamental medicine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Иксодовые клещевые боррелиозы ‒ группа трансмиссивных инфекционных заболеваний, сходных по этиологии, но многообразных по клиническим проявлениям. Развитие симптомов болезни Лайма обусловлено не только деятельностью самого возбудителя, но и результатом его взаимодействия с иммунной системой макроорганизма. Первая линия защиты, представленная разнообразными клеточными и гуморальными компонентами врождённого иммунитета, вовлекается в иммунный ответ наиболее быстро, и именно она стремится ограничить диссеминацию возбудителя из начального очага инфекции. Однако широкий спектр защитных поверхностных протеинов боррелий и ряд других структур, направленных на уклонение от иммунных механизмов, препятствуют уничтожению возбудителя. Не последнее место в этом динамичном процессе занимают сами иксодовые клещи, так как секрет их слюнных желез обладает ингибирующим эффектом в отношении ряда клеток и системы комплемента. Параллельно с врождённым иммунитетом происходит активация факторов адаптивного иммунного ответа, который выполняет роль второй линии обороны. Синтез специфических антител в ранний период заболевания имеет свои неоднозначные особенности, однако это не исключает их важности в борьбе с боррелиозной инфекцией. На сегодняшний день менее изученными остаются вопросы взаимодействия с дендритными клетками и цитотоксическими Т-лимфоцитами. Исследование всех аспектов, в том числе малоизученных, крайне важно как для практического здравоохранения, так и для фундаментальной медицины.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ixodid tick-borne borreliosis</kwd><kwd>Lyme disease</kwd><kwd>innate immune response</kwd><kwd>adaptive immune response</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иксодовые клещевые боррелиозы</kwd><kwd>болезнь Лайма</kwd><kwd>врождённый иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>адаптивный иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-15-20010</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cerar T, Strle F, Stupica D, et al. 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