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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52696</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID52696</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Physiciansʼ awareness level assessment of the epidemiology and diagnosis features of nosocomial infection caused by Clostridium difficile in a multidisciplinary hospitals</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка уровня осведомлённости врачей многопрофильных стационаров об особенностях эпидемиологии и диагностики внутрибольничной инфекции, вызванной Clostridium difficile</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-2576</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6704-2840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanova</surname><given-names>Gulshat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанова</surname><given-names>Гульшат Рашатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>gulshatra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-7352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakupova</surname><given-names>Gulnara R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупова</surname><given-names>Гульнара Расимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th year student of the pediatric faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 6-го курса педиатрического факультета</p></bio><email>gulnarochka_97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-0412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratieva</surname><given-names>Ksenija A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Ксения Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th year student of the pediatric faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 6-го курса педиатрического факультета</p></bio><email>kseenia97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-6050</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5262-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lokotkova</surname><given-names>Alla</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Локоткова</surname><given-names>Алла Ильинична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры эпидемиологии и доказательной медицины</p></bio><email>allalok12@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7289-3037</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5183-5140</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulycheva</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булычева</surname><given-names>Ирина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент</p></bio><email>Irishe4ka_94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-3100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikhrazieva</surname><given-names>Natalia D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шайхразиева</surname><given-names>Наталья Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>epid-gkb7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical Academy ― Branch Campus of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанская государственная медицинская академия ― филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital № 7</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница № 7</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2021-02-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>173</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-11-30"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-01-12"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/52696">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/52696</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Clostridium difficile has an important place among healthcare associated infections pathogens, mainly due to the widespread and inappropriate antibiotics use. Over the past 10 years an incidence of this infection has increased in the USA and European countries. Unfortunately, C. difficile infection cases in the Russian Federation are almost not register, probably due to the lack of physicians awareness and underestimation of the pathogen role in the etiology of nosocomial infections.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> Is to study the different specialties physicians awareness of C. difficile infection development in multidisciplinary hospitals.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> A questionnaire survey of 115 physicians of two multidisciplinary hospitals in Kazan was carried out. The questionnaire included 15 questions related to etiology, transmission mechanism, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and prevention of C. difficile infection. Statistical data processing was carried out in MS Excel. We used Fisher’s exact test for comparisons questionnaire responses indicators. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> A low level of physicians awareness on this issue was revealed. 92.2% of physicians did not have any C. difficile infection cases in their practice. 31.3% of respondents underestimate the role of antibiotic use as the main risk factor for the development of the disease; at the same time, there are frequent cases of unreasonable prescription of antibiotics. 32.2% of the respondents are poorly informed about diagnosis methods of clostridiosis. 20% of physicians deny the role of bacteria carriers as a source of infection. 77.4% of respondents indicated the alimentary route as the main route of infection transmission. Only 38.2% of respondents noted the hospital environment objects as a possible factor in the transmission of C. difficile.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> There is no alertness regarding antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by C. difficile infection among multidisciplinary hospital physicians. Insufficient knowledge of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnostics of C. difficile infection are factors that determine the low frequency of its detection and, accordingly, impede the implementation of required anti-epidemic measures. There is a need to include C. difficile infection issues in professional development programs for medical workers. It is advisable to develop and implement C. difficile infection control.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold><italic>Clostridium difficile</italic> занимает важное место среди возбудителей инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи. Главным образом это связано с широким и часто нерациональным применением антибиотиков. Последнее десятилетие в США и европейских странах наблюдается рост заболеваемости данной инфекцией. К сожалению, в Российской Федерации случаи инфекции, вызванные <italic>C. difficile</italic>, практически не регистрируются, что может быть связано с недостаточной осведомлённостью врачей и недооценкой роли данного возбудителя в этиологии нозокомиальных инфекций.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― изучить осведомлённость и настороженность врачей многопрофильных стационаров в отношении развития нозокомиальной <italic>C. difficile</italic>-ассоциированной инфекции.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведено анкетирование 115 врачей двух многопрофильных стационаров г. Казани. Анкета включала 15 вопросов, касающихся этиологии, механизма передачи, факторов риска, клинической картины, диагностики и профилактики <italic>C. difficile</italic>-ассоциированной инфекции. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась в MS Excel. Сравнение показателей, полученных при анализе ответов анкеты, проводили с помощью точного критерия Фишера. Различия считали статистически значимыми при р &lt;0,05.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Выявлен низкий уровень осведомлённости врачей по данному вопросу. В частности, 92,2% респондентов уверены, что не встречались в своей практической деятельности с <italic>C. difficile</italic>-ассоциированной инфекцией, 31,3% недооценивает роль приёма антибиотиков как основного фактора риска развития заболевания. Нередки случаи необоснованного назначения антибиотиков. Плохо осведомлены о методах диагностики клостридиозов 32,2% респондентов. Роль бактерионосителей как источника инфекции отрицают 20% врачей. В качестве основного пути передачи инфекции 77,4% указали алиментарный путь, и лишь 38,2% опрошенных в качестве возможного фактора передачи <italic>C. difficile</italic> отметили объекты больничной среды.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Среди врачей многопрофильного стационара отсутствует настороженность в отношении антибиотикоассоциированной диареи, обусловленной <italic>C. difficile</italic>. Недостаточные знания эпидемиологии, клинических проявлений, лабораторной диагностики <italic>C. difficile</italic>-ассоциированной инфекции ― факторы, обусловливающие низкую частоту её выявления и препятствующие проведению в должном объёме противоэпидемических мероприятий. Существует необходимость включения вопросов по инфекции, вызванной <italic>C. difficile</italic>, в программы повышения квалификации медицинских работников. Целесообразны разработка и внедрение инфекционного контроля в отношении данной инфекции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Clostridium difficile</kwd><kwd>nosocomial infection</kwd><kwd>questionnaire survey</kwd><kwd>antibiotic-associated diarrhea</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Clostridium difficile</kwd><kwd>внутрибольничное инфицирование</kwd><kwd>анкетирование</kwd><kwd>антибиотикоассоциированная диарея</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic Use in the United States, 2017: Progress and Opportunities. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2017. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/stewardship-report/pdf/stewardship-report.pdf. 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