<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">470358</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID470358</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma in patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генерализованная саркома Капоши у ВИЧ-инфицированного пациента</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4282-9119</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5149-0917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bahteeva</surname><given-names>Liliya B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахтеева</surname><given-names>Лилия Булатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>chulpan190885@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0418-2330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharaeva</surname><given-names>Maya B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шараева</surname><given-names>Майя Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sharaeva1972@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-2576</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6704-2840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanova</surname><given-names>Gulshat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанова</surname><given-names>Гульшат Рашатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>gulshatra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-6712</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1585-0874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagimova</surname><given-names>Firaya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагимова</surname><given-names>Фирая Идиятулловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>nagimova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Center for the Prevention and Fighting of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболевания</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский клинический противотуберкулёзный диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-07-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>263</fpage><lpage>270</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-31"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-27"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-09-08"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/470358">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/470358</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining malignancy. With the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy into practice, the incidence of Kaposi’s sarcoma has declined significantly. However, cases associated with late diagnosis of HIV infection are still recorded. Herein, we present the clinical case of a patient with HIV infection and generalized Kaposi’s sarcoma with multiple lesions in the skin, mucous membranes, and organs. If the lesions in the skin and mucous membranes did not cause difficulties, distinguishing pulmonary lesions from disseminated tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus infection is difficult. Extremely severe Kaposi’s sarcoma with an unfavorable outcome is caused by severe immunosuppression and, apparently, an inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome. In autopsy, in addition to the skin and oral mucosal lesions, foci in the epiglottis, larynx, trachea, lungs, colon, duodenum, peribronchial, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and lumbar muscles were noted. Diagnosing internal organ involvement in Kaposi’s sarcoma is not easy and requires the involvement of specialists in various fields.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Cаркома Капоши — наиболее часто встречающееся СПИД-индикаторное злокачественное новообразование. Внедрение в практику высокоактивной антиретровирусной терапии привело к значительному снижению заболеваемости саркомой Капоши. Тем не менее случаи заболевания, ассоциированные с поздней диагностикой ВИЧ-инфекции, продолжают встречаться. В статье представлен пример клинического наблюдения ВИЧ-инфицированного пациента с генерализованной саркомой Капоши в виде множественного поражения кожи, слизистых оболочек и внутренних органов. При этом, если диагностика кожных и слизистых поражений не вызвала затруднений, поражение лёгких пришлось дифференцировать с диссеминированным туберкулёзом, цитомегаловирусной инфекцией. Чрезвычайно тяжёлое течение заболевания с неблагоприятным исходом было обусловлено как глубокой иммуносупрессией, так и, видимо, манифестацией воспалительного синдрома восстановления иммунитета. На аутопсии, помимо поражения кожи и слизистой полости рта, было выявлено поражение надгортанника, гортани, трахеи, лёгких, стенки желудка, двенадцатиперстной кишки, перибронхиальных, брыжеечных лимфоузлов, печени, селезёнки, поясничных мышц. Диагностика поражения внутренних органов опухолевым процессом при саркоме Капоши представляет значительные трудности и требует привлечения специалистов разного профиля.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>AIDS-related opportunistic infections</kwd><kwd>Kaposi’s sarcoma</kwd><kwd>cytomegalovirus infection</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>CПИД-ассоциированные оппортунистические инфекции</kwd><kwd>саркома Капоши</kwd><kwd>цитомегаловирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>туберкулёз</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiels MS, Pfeiffer RM, Gail MH, et al. Cancer burden in the HIV-infected population in the United States. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2011;103(9):753–762. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djr076</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiels M.S., Pfeiffer R.M., Gail M.H., et al. Cancer burden in the HIV-infected population in the United States // Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2011. Vol. 103, N 9. P. 753–762. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djr076</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altfeld M, Behrens G, Braun P, et al. HIV 2014/15. Hoffmann Ch, Rockstroh J, editors. Hamburg: Medizin Fokus; 2015. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альтфельд М., Беренс Г., Браун П., и др. ВИЧ 2014/15 / под ред. К. Хоффмана, Ю.К. Рокштро. Гамбург : Medizin Fokus, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Curtiss P, Strazzulla LC, Friedman-Kien AE. An update on Kaposi’s sarcoma: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment. Dermatology and Therapy. 2016;6(4):465–470. doi: 10.1007/s13555-016-0152-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Curtiss P., Strazzulla L.C., Friedman-Kien A.E. An update on Kaposi’s sarcoma: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment // Dermatology and Therapy. 2016. Vol. 6, N 4. P. 465–470. doi: 10.1007/s13555-016-0152-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alwassia A, Alshathri Z, Khosla R, Spagnolo SV. Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma presenting as complete lung consolidation. British Medical Journal Case Reports. 2017;2017:bcr2016219048. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-219048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alwassia A., Alshathri Z., Khosla R., Spagnolo S.V. Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma presenting as complete lung consolidation // British Medical Journal Case Reports. 2017. Vol. 2017. P. bcr2016219048. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-219048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fardin RB, Leite LAC, Bezerra LMDS, et al. Fatal disseminated Kaposi’s Sarcoma in two patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The American Journal of Case Reports. 2018;19:868–874. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.910004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fardin R.B., Leite L.A.C, Bezerra L.M.D.S, et al. Fatal disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma in two patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection // The American Journal of Case Reports. 2018. Vol. 19. P. 868–874. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.910004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letang E, Lewis JJ, Bower M, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi sarcoma: higher incidence and mortality in Africa than in the UK. AIDS. 2013;27(10):1603–1613. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328360a5a1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Letang E., Lewis J.J., Bower M., et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi sarcoma: higher incidence and mortality in Africa than in the UK // AIDS. 2013. Vol. 27, N 10. P. 1603–1613. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328360a5a1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokrovskiy VV, Ladnaya NN, Sokolova EV; Specialized research department for the prevention and control of AIDS of Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Central Research Institute of Epidemiology”. HIV-infection: Informatsionnyy byulleten № 47. Moscow; 2023. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Покровский В.В., Ладная Н.Н., Соколова Е.В.; Специализированный научно-исследовательский отдел по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом ФБУН ЦНИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора. ВИЧ-инфекция : Информационный бюллетень № 47. Москва, 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viktorova IB, Zimina VN, Kravchenko AV, Khanin AL. Disseminated lung diseases in patients with different HIV status. Kochetkov SYu, editor. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2017. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Викторова И.Б., Зимина В.Н., Кравченко А.В., Ханин А.Л. Диссеминированные заболевания лёгких у пациентов с различным ВИЧ-статусом / под ред. С.Ю. Кочеткова. Москва : ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chou SH, Prabhu SJ, Crothers K, et al. Thoracic diseases associated with HIV infection in the era of antiretroviral therapy: clinical and imaging findings. Radiographics. 2014;34(4):895–911. doi: 10.1148/rg.344130115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chou S.H., Prabhu S.J., Crothers K., et al. Thoracic diseases associated with HIV infection in the era of antiretroviral therapy: clinical and imaging findings // Radiographics. 2014. Vol. 34, N 4. P. 895–911. doi: 10.1148/rg.344130115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khattak M. Bilateral Chest X-Ray Shadowing and Bilateral leg lesions — A case of Pulmonary Kaposi Sarcoma. Webmedcentral. 2016;7(2):WMC005051. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880371/. Accessed: 27.05.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khattak M. Bilateral chest X-ray shadowing and bilateral leg lesions — a case of pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma // Webmedcentral. 2016. Vol. 7, N 2. P. WMC005051. Режим доступа: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880371/. Дата обращения: 27.05.2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edinburgh KJ, Jasmer RM, Huang L, et al. Multiple pulmonary nodules in AIDS: usefulness of CT in distinguishing among potential causes. Radiology. 2000;214(2):427–432. doi: 10.1148/radiology.214.2.r00fe22427</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edinburgh K.J., Jasmer R.M., Huang L., et al. Multiple pulmonary nodules in AIDS: usefulness of CT in distinguishing among potential causes // Radiology. 2000. Vol. 214, N 2. P. 427–432. doi: 10.1148/radiology.214.2.r00fe22427</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokrovskiy VV, editor. Lectures on HIV. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2018. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лекции по ВИЧ-инфекции / под ред. В.В. Покровского. Москва : ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arora M, Goldberg EM. Kaposi sarcoma involving the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2010; 6(7):459–462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arora M., Goldberg E.M. Kaposi sarcoma involving the gastrointestinal tract // Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2010. Vol. 6, N 7. P. 459–462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. 2022. Available at: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infection</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. 2022. Режим доступа: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent- opportunistic-infection.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee AJ, Brenner L, Mourad B, et al. Gastrointestinal Kaposi’s sarcoma: case report and review of the literature. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2015;6(3):89–95. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i3.89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee A.J., Brenner L., Mourad B., et al. Gastrointestinal Kaposi’s sarcoma: case report and review of the literature // World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2015. Vol. 6, N 3. P. 89–95. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i3.89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
