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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">40627</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID40627</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MYCOBACTERIOSIS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: EPIDEMIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МИКОБАКТЕРИОЗЫ ОРГАНОВ ДЫХАНИЯ: ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ, МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guntupova</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гунтупова</surname><given-names>Лидия Доржиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-фтизиатр консультационно-диагностического центра Московского городского НПЦ борьбы с туберкулезом; email:</p></bio><email>Guntupov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>Сергей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зам. дир. МГНПЦ борьбы с туберкулезом по научно-лечебной работе</p></bio><email>barsik@online.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Марина Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отдела проблем лаб. диагностики МГНПЦ борьбы с туберкулезом</p></bio><email>mnpcbtlv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hachaturyants</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатурьянц</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-бактериолог микобактериологической лаб. МГНПЦ борьбы с туберкулезом</p></bio><email>Hen65b@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO2 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№2 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-23"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/40627">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/40627</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Scientific and Clinical Antituberculosis Center, Department of Health Care of the city of Moscow, ul. Stromynka 10, Sokol'Niki, Moskva 107014. In 40 patients (with no clinically significant immunosuppression) according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society, pulmonary mycobacterioses (MAC - 35%, M. kansasii - 25%, M. xenopi - 20%, M. fortuitum - 12,5% и M. chelonae - 7,5%) have been diagnosed. In 95% of patients acute clinical symptomatology with polymorphic radiographic findings has been noted. The constant and massive non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTMB) excretion was noted. With fluorescent microscopy acid-fast mycobacteria (AFM) were identified from sputum in 62.5% patients, in 22.5% of patients AFM were found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cultural analysis of sputum processed by broth dilution method permitted to isolate NTMB in 65%, including in 50% - two times or more. In a solid medium sputum cultures with growth of NTMB were isolated in 45%, including 20% - two times or more. In 10.0% NTMB were isolated when plated on solid media operating material. M. fortuitum, M. chelonae and MAC are the most resistant to anti-TB drugs: M. fortuitum - to all major drugs series, M.chelonae - to all major drugs and a number of reserve drugs, including fluoroquinolones) and MAC (resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin in 92.9% of cases including, in combination with fluoroquinolones and kanamycin, or capreomycin - in 64.3%)</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>У 40 пациентов (без клинически значимой иммуносупрессии) по критериям Американского торакального общества диагностированы микобактериозы легких (Mycobacterium avium complex - MAC - 35%, M. kansasii - 25%, M. xenopi - 20%, M. fortuitum - 12,5% и M. chelonae - 7,5%). У 95% больных отмечена выраженная клиническая симптоматика с полиморфными рентгенологическими проявлениями. Отметили постоянное и массивное выделение нетуберкулезных микобактерий (НТМБ): люминесцентной микроскопией кислотоустойчивые микобактерии выявили из мокроты у 62,5% больных, у 22,5% обнаружены также в бронхоальвеолярной лаважной жидкости. Посевы мокроты на жидкой питательной среде позволили выделить НТМБ у 65%, в том числе у 50% 2 раза и более. На плотной питательной среде культуры НТМБ выделены из мокроты у 45%, в том числе у 20% 2 раза и более. У 10% НТМБ были выделены при посеве на плотные среды операционного материала. Наиболее устойчивы к противотуберкулезным препаратам M. fortuitum (ко всем препаратам основного ряда), M. chelonae (ко всем препаратам основного ряда и к препаратам резерва, включая фторхинолоны) и MAC (устойчивы одновременно к изониазиду и рифампицину в 92,9% случаев, в том числе в сочетании с фторхинолонами и канамицином или капреомицином - в 64,3%).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>identification</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нетуберкулезные микобактерии</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>идентификация</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Вейсфейлер Д. 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