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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">317442</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID317442</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Microbial associations in human biotopes as a factor determining the occurrence of polymicrobial infections</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микробные ассоциации биотопов человека как фактор, определяющий возникновение полимикробных инфекций</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-2003</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4482-4378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Godovalov</surname><given-names>Anatoliy P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Годовалов</surname><given-names>Анатолий Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н</p></bio><email>AGodovalov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vagner Perm State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-04-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>117</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-05"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-06-01"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/317442">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/317442</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Annually, data are accumulating on the involvement of opportunistic microorganisms in the development of inflammatory diseases in humans, maintaining a chronic inflammatory response and, thus, adapting to the conditions of existence in the biotopes of the human body. This review provides information on the interactions of microorganisms of medical importance, which affects the virulence of both opportunistic pathogens and “classical” pathogens, which probably underlie the chronicity of infection and inflammation. Often, opportunistic pathogenic species cannot fully realize their pathogenic potential, which is observed in numerous cases under conditions of microbial symbiosis. Thus, a revision of approaches to interpreting the results of microbiological methods is necessary, which takes into account the functional activity of the total microflora and the search for individual extrachromosomal genetic elements as a marker of the pathogenicity of microorganisms.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С каждым годом накапливаются сведения об участии условно патогенных микроорганизмов в инициации воспалительных заболеваний человека, поддержании хронического воспалительного ответа и адаптации их таким образом к условиям существования в биотопах организма человека. В настоящем обзоре приводятся сведения о взаимодействиях микроорганизмов, имеющих значение в клинической практике, которые отражаются на вирулентности как условно патогенных видов, так и безусловных патогенов, что, вероятно, лежит в основе хронизации инфекционно-воспалительных процессов. Зачастую по отдельности условно патогенные виды не могут в полном объёме реализовать свой патогенный потенциал, что в условиях микробного симбиоза наблюдается в большинстве случаев. Требуется пересмотр подходов к интерпретации результатов микробиологических исследований, что предполагает учёт функциональной активности совокупной микрофлоры, а также поиск отдельных внехромосомных генетических элементов как маркер патогенности совокупности микроорганизмов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>conditionally pathogenic microorganisms</kwd><kwd>infection</kwd><kwd>microbial symbiosis</kwd><kwd>pathogenicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробный симбиоз</kwd><kwd>инфекция</kwd><kwd>условно патогенные микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>патогенность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shkarin VV, Blagonravova AS, Chubukova ОА. 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