Epidemiology and Infectious DiseasesEpidemiology and Infectious DiseasesЭпидемиология и инфекционные болезни3034-20073034-2015Eco-Vector31290010.17816/EID312900ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleMolecular bases of the interaction of Mycobacteria tuberculosis complex and anti-tuberculosis drugs: Current state of the problem and its epidemiological significanceМолекулярные основы взаимодействия микобактерий Mycobacteria tuberculosis complex и противотуберкулёзных препаратов: современное состояние проблемы и её эпидемиологическое значениеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-252X2405-6712KhomyakovYuri N.ХомяковЮрий Николаевич
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Cand. Sci. (Med.)

д.б.н., к.м.н.

khomyakovyuri@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-6978-9226ZvyagintsevaDarya D.ЗвягинцеваДарья Дмитриевна
Russian Federation
dzvyaginceva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-19525059-1414KhomyakovaTatiana I.ХомяковаТатьяна Ивановна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

к.м.н.

tathkom@yandex.ruCentral Research Institute of EpidemiologyЦентральный НИИ ЭпидемиологииResearch Institute of Human Morphology of Russian Scientific Center of SurgeryНИИ морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына Российского научного центра хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского120420230106202328278970303202310032023Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-vectorCopyright ©; 2023, ООО "Эко-вектор"2023Eco-vectorООО "Эко-вектор"https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/312900

According to the World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Report, published in 2022, tuberculosis and its drug-resistant forms are on the rise for the first time in recent years. The ability to become immune to anti-tuberculosis drugs is a fundamental feature of the tuberculosis agent. In some cases, tuberculosis develops a transient resistance to antibacterial drugs based on a combination of adaptive biological properties of the mycobacterium without altering the genetic apparatus. This phenomenon is called drug-induced tolerance. Its development is associated with the slowing or altering of bacterial metabolism, increasing the thickness of the cell wall, activation of specific molecular pumps, and removal of medicinal substances from outside the cell. The same and some other mechanisms are involved in the development of another phenomenon — drug resistance, which is associated with inherited changes in the genetic apparatus of mycobacterium. The review is devoted to the molecular bases of the interaction of mycobacterium tuberculosis with anti-tuberculosis drugs and its epidemiological significance.

Согласно Глобальному докладу Всемирной организации здравоохранения о борьбе с туберкулёзом, опубликованному в 2022 году, впервые за много лет отмечается рост численности заболевающих туберкулёзом и его лекарственно-устойчивыми формами. Способность становиться невосприимчивым к воздействию противотуберкулёзных препаратов — основополагающее свойство возбудителя туберкулёза. При этом в ряде случаев развивается преходящая невосприимчивость к антибактериальным препаратам, основанная на совокупности адаптивных биологических свойств микобактерий без изменения генетического аппарата. Это явление называется лекарственной толерантностью. Её развитие связано с замедлением или изменением метаболизма бактерий, увеличением толщины клеточной стенки, активацией специфических молекулярных насосов, удаляющих лекарственные субстанции из клетки наружу. Такие же и некоторые другие механизмы задействованы при развитии ещё одного феномена — лекарственной устойчивости, которая связана с передаваемыми по наследству изменениями генетического аппарата микобактерий. Обзор посвящён рассмотрению молекулярных основ взаимодействия микобактерий туберкулёза и противотуберкулёзных препаратов, а также его эпидемиологического значения.

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