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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">114969</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID114969</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Baloxavir marboxil as a new specific anti-influenza drug</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Балоксавира марбоксил — новый специфический противогриппозный препарат</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-5119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Breslav</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бреслав</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>n.belyakova1983@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-2299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatjeva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьева</surname><given-names>Анна Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>valgella@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-5309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukasheva</surname><given-names>Evgeniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мукашева</surname><given-names>Евгения Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mukasheva_evgeniya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-4011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krepkaia</surname><given-names>Anastasiya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крепкая</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nastya18-96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-6801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burtseva</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурцева</surname><given-names>Елена Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>elena-burtseva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вирусологии имени Д.И. Ивановского ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-01-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>245</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-29"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Breslav N.V., Ignatjeva A.V., Mukasheva E.A., Krepkaia A.S., Burtseva E.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Бреслав Н.В., Игнатьева А.В., Мукашева Е.А., Крепкая А.С., Бурцева Е.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Breslav N.V., Ignatjeva A.V., Mukasheva E.A., Krepkaia A.S., Burtseva E.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бреслав Н.В., Игнатьева А.В., Мукашева Е.А., Крепкая А.С., Бурцева Е.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-01-21"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/114969">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/114969</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Baloxavir marboxil is the first antiviral drug with a unique single dose, registered in Russia in September 2020 under the trade name Xoflusa, for treating infection caused by influenza A and B viruses.</p> <p>This article presents an overview of studies on the anti-influenza activity of baloxavir marboxil by foreign colleagues. Data from scientific articles by different authors were analyzed and in vitro results and clinical data were considered, which can help in making recommendations for the use of the drug for the treatment and postexposure prophylaxis of influenza.</p> <p>Baloxavir marboxil acts as a selective low-molecular-weight inhibitor of an enzyme specific to the influenza virus in the viral RNA polymerase complex and is effective against strains resistant to oseltamivir. In the combined phenotypic analysis and analysis based on the sequence in the polymerase acidic (PA) protein, the frequency of viruses showing reduced susceptibility to the drug remains low.</p> <p>Numerous studies have demonstrated the safety profile and productivity of influenza treatment in various groups (without risk factors and high-risk patients). Baloxavir marboxil stops the replication of the influenza virus in the early stages, which terminates its release during the first day and significantly relieves the patient’s condition on the second day. Monitoring of the antiviral activity of the drug, especially in children aged &lt;12 years and people with weakened immunity, should be closely monitored to develop clinical recommendations and prevent the formation of substitutions I38(T/F/M/S/L/V) in the PA of influenza A and B viruses that reduce their sensitivity to the drug.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Балоксавира марбоксил — первое противовирусное средство с уникальным однократным приёмом, зарегистрированное в России в сентябре 2020 г. под торговым названием «Ксофлюза» для лечения инфекции, вызванной вирусами гриппа А и В.</p> <p>В статье представлен обзор исследований противогриппозной активности балоксавира марбоксила в зарубежной литературе. Проведён анализ данных научных статей разных авторов и учтены результаты in vitro и клинические данные, которые помогут при составлении рекомендаций для применения препарата при лечении и постконтактной профилактике гриппа.</p> <p>Балоксавира марбоксил действует как селективный низкомолекулярный ингибитор специфического для вируса гриппа фермента в комплексе вирусной РНК-полимеразы и эффективен против резистентных к осельтамивиру штаммов. Комбинированный фенотипический анализ и анализ на основе последовательности в кислотном белке полимеразы (РА) показали, что частота вирусов, проявляющих пониженную восприимчивость к препарату, остаётся низкой.</p> <p>Многочисленные исследования продемонстрировали безопасный профиль и продуктивность лечения гриппа у пациентов различных групп населения (без факторов риска и пациентов высокого риска). Балоксавира марбоксил останавливает репликацию вируса гриппа на ранних стадиях процесса, что приводит к прекращению его выделения в течение первых суток, а на вторые сутки достоверно облегчает состояние пациента. Мониторинг противовирусной активности препарата, особенно в группах детей в возрасте до 12 лет и лиц с ослабленным иммунитетом, должен находиться под пристальным наблюдением в целях разработки клинических рекомендаций для предотвращения формирования замен I38(T/F/M/S/L/V) в PA вирусов гриппа А и В, снижающих чувствительность к препарату.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza virus A</kwd><kwd>influenza virus B</kwd><kwd>endonuclease inhibitor</kwd><kwd>baloxavir marboxil</kwd><kwd>neuraminidase inhibitors</kwd><kwd>oseltamivir</kwd><kwd>zanamivir</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>sensitivity</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирусы гриппа A</kwd><kwd>вирус гриппа B</kwd><kwd>ингибитор эндонуклеазы</kwd><kwd>балоксавира марбоксил</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы нейраминидазы</kwd><kwd>осельтамивир</kwd><kwd>занамивир</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>чувствительность</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Świerczyńska M, Mirowska-Guzel DM, Pindelska E. 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