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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108458</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID108458</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiological characteristics of bloodstream infection in patients with somatic diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиологическая характеристика инфекции кровотока у пациентов с соматическими заболеваниями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3245-5486</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4727-7192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kargaltseva</surname><given-names>Natalya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каргальцева</surname><given-names>Наталья Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med), Research Associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с.</p></bio><email>kargaltseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-5230</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9225-1560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Andrey  Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Андрей Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>andy.60@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-1027</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7326-5273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suranova</surname><given-names>Tatyana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суранова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>suranovatatiana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-5046</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6396-2606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>olgborisova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-670X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7013-7329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kocherovets</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочеровец</surname><given-names>Владимир Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>dibuny.nevi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.Н. Габричевского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-07-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-08-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>238</fpage><lpage>247</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-20"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-08-19"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/108458">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/108458</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 1999, at the conference of the European Working Group on Nosocomial Infections, the term "bloodstream infection" was proposed in the presence of clinical symptoms and microorganisms in the bloodstream. The first classification of bloodstream infection consisted of 3 categories: hospital, iatrogenic and out-of-hospital. Then theywere classified into 5 categories. At the same time, bloodstream infection that occurred during the first 48 hours after the patient's admission to the medical organization were divided into 4 groups (A–D). "Group C" included bacteremia associated with invasive procedures and was classified into 5 subgroups.</p> <p>The number of episodes of IR. The number of episodes of bloodstream infection in the world is growing depending on the geographical location of the country (from 1995 to 2002 increased by 40%, by 2007 ― by 14.3%). Among the sources of infection, the role of the respiratory, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, urogenital and urinary tracts, the presence of intravascular devices and pneumonia. Bloodstream infection is characterized by frequent infestation of men, staphylococcal etiology, catheter-association, and the presence of comorbid diseases. Re-episodes of Gram-negative bloodstream infection are more likely to occur within 3 months. Until 2004, <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> was the leading pathogen of bloodstream infection; after 2005, <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> dominated.</p> <p>These two pathogens succeeded each other in different years. Currently, pathogens of bloodstream infection in patients with therapeutic profile are gram-positive cocci, including CNS, <italic>S. aureus</italic>, enterococci, fungi and anaerobes. Bloodstream infection is characterized by polymicrobiality (35.7%), including bacterial-fungal (22%).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В 1999 г. на конференции Европейской рабочей группы по нозокомиальным инфекциям был предложен термин «инфекция кровотока» при наличии клинических симптомов и микроорганизмов в кровотоке. Первая классификация инфекций кровотока состояла из 3 категорий ― госпитальной, ятрогенной и внегоспитальной, последующая ― из 5, при этом инфекции кровотока, случившиеся в течение первых 48 ч от поступления пациента в медицинскую организацию, подразделяли на 4 группы (A–D). «Группа C» включала бактериемии, ассоциированные с инвазивными процедурами, и была классифицирована на 5 подгрупп.</p> <p>Число эпизодов инфекций кровотока в мире растёт в зависимости от географического положения страны (с 1995 по 2002 г. увеличилось на 40%, к 2007 г. ― на 14,3%). Среди источников инфекции отмечена роль респираторного, гепатобилиарного, желудочно-кишечного, урогенитального и мочевого тракта, а также наличие внутрисосудистых устройств, пневмонии. Инфекции кровотока ассоциируются с мужским полом, катетеризацией, наличием коморбидных заболеваний, стафилококковой этиологией. Повторный эпизод инфекции кровотока грамотрицательной этиологии чаще случается в течение 3 мес. До 2004 г. ведущим патогеном инфекции кровотока являлся <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>, после 2005 г. доминировала <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>. Эти два патогена сменяли друг друга в разные годы.</p> <p>В настоящее время возбудители инфекции кровотока у больных терапевтического профиля относятся к грамположительным коккам, включая коагулазоотрицательные стафилококки, <italic>S. aureus</italic>, энтерококки, к грибам и анаэробам. Инфекции кровотока характеризуются полимикробностью (35,7%), в том числе бактериально-грибковой (22%).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bloodstream infection</kwd><kwd>epidemiological review</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>sources of infection</kwd><kwd>microorganisms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекция кровотока</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологический обзор</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>источники инфекции</kwd><kwd>микроорганизмы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman ND, Kaye KS, Stout JE, et al. Health care-associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(10):791–797. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-137-10-200211190-00007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedman N.D., Kaye K.S., Stout J.E., et al. 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