<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108212</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID108212</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Particular qualities of laboratory approaches in complex diagnosis of human brucellosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности лабораторных подходов в комплексной диагностике бруцеллёза у людей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4482-9369</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7720-0692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulakov</surname><given-names>Yuri K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулаков</surname><given-names>Юрий Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>ykulakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-4360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dalgatova</surname><given-names>Asiyat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Далгатова</surname><given-names>Асият Асильдаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-инфекционист</p></bio><email>doctorchar2017@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-0837</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5103-0451</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burgasova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бургасова</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>olgaburgasova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0491-9925</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5549-1731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bacalin</surname><given-names>Valeria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакалин</surname><given-names>Валерия Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident of the Department of Infectious Diseases with courses in Epidemiology and Phthisiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры инфекционных болезней с курсами эпидемиологии и фтизиатрии</p></bio><email>bacalinmed@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Charodinskaya Central District Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Чародинская центральная районная больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-25"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-20"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-07-29"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/108212">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/108212</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Brucellosis is an infectious particularly dangerous zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus <italic>Brucella</italic>, among which <italic>B. melitensis, B. abortus</italic>, and <italic>B. suis</italic> have pathogenic potential, causing a severe and often chronic course of the disease.</p> <p>Laboratory diagnostics is crucial for the detection of human cases, since the clinical symptoms of human brucellosis are variable and nonspecific. Laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis is based on three different approaches: direct bacteriological method, indirect method using serological and allergic tests and direct express method in different formats of molecular polymerase chain reaction.</p> <p>Despite the accumulated experience of using serological tests and the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction method, the isolation of Brucella culture is considered the gold standard in the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis due to its clinical and epidemiological relevance. The currently available automated systems of the bacteriological method have increased its sensitivity and shortened the detection time of Brucella species.</p> <p>The main limitations of serological tests are the lack of general interpretation criteria, low specificity due to cross-reactions with other bacteria and low sensitivity at an early stage of the disease. At the same time, in Russia, serological tests account for more than 99% of all laboratory tests and remain the main diagnostic tool. This is due to their inexpensive and convenient use at the place of medical care in endemic areas and high negative prognostic value.</p> <p>Polymerase chain reaction in various formats of rapid tests diagnoses the DNA of the pathogen in a few hours with high sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, a positive polymerase chain reaction result requires careful interpretation and does not necessarily indicate an active infection.</p> <p>For the convenience of using diagnostic approaches to brucellosis in practical medicine and determining the activity of the infectious process, it is necessary to improve diagnostics and develop express methods.</p> <p>The review shows both the most routine and modern laboratory methods currently available for laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Бруцеллёз ― инфекционное особо опасное зоонозное заболевание, вызываемое бактериями рода <italic>Brucella</italic>, среди которых патогенный потенциал имеют <italic>B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis</italic>, обусловливая тяжёлое и часто хроническое течение болезни.</p> <p>Лабораторная диагностика имеет решающее значение для выявления случаев заболевания человека, поскольку клинические симптомы бруцеллёза человека изменчивы и неспецифичны. Лабораторный диагноз бруцеллёза основан на трёх различных подходах: прямой бактериологический метод, непрямой метод с помощью серологических и аллергических тестов и прямой экспресс-метод в разных форматах молекулярной полимеразной цепной реакции.</p> <p>Несмотря на накопленный опыт использования серологических тестов и высокочувствительного метода полимеразной цепной реакции, выделение культуры бруцелл считается золотым стандартом в лабораторной диагностике бруцеллёза благодаря его клинико-эпидемиологической актуальности. Доступные в настоящее время автоматизированные системы бактериологического метода повысили его чувствительность и сократили время обнаружения видов бруцелл.</p> <p>Основными ограничениями серологических тестов являются отсутствие общих критериев интерпретации, невысокая специфичность из-за перекрёстных реакций с другими бактериями и низкая чувствительность на ранней стадии заболевания. При этом в России серологические тесты составляют более 99% всех лабораторных исследований и остаются основным диагностическим инструментом, что связано с их недорогим и удобным использованием по месту оказания медицинской помощи в эндемичных районах и высокой отрицательной прогностической ценностью.</p> <p>Метод полимеразной цепной реакции в разных форматах экспресс-тестов диагностирует ДНК возбудителя за несколько часов при высокой чувствительности и специфичности, тем не менее положительный результат требует внимательной интерпретации и не всегда указывает на активную инфекцию.</p> <p>Для удобства использования в практической медицине диагностических подходов к бруцеллёзу и определения активности инфекционного процесса требуются усовершенствование диагностики и разработка экспресс-методов.</p> <p>В обзоре представлены как наиболее рутинные, так и современные лабораторные методы, доступные в настоящее время для диагностики бруцеллёза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brucellosis</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd><kwd>bacteriological method</kwd><kwd>MALDI-TOF</kwd><kwd>serological test</kwd><kwd>allergy test</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бруцеллёз</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd><kwd>бактериологический метод</kwd><kwd>MALDI-TOF</kwd><kwd>серологический тест</kwd><kwd>аллергический тест</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khachaturova AA, Ponomarenko DG, Kovalev DA, et al. Analysis of the incidence of brucellosis in humans and molecular biological characteristics of Brucella melitensis isolates in long-term brucellosis-affected territories of the south of the European part of Russia. J Microbiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2022;99(1):63–74. (In Russ). doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-185</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хачатурова А.А., Пономаренко Д.Г., Ковалёв Д.А., и др. Анализ заболеваемости людей бруцеллёзом и молекулярно-биологическая характеристика изолятов Brucella melitensis на длительно неблагополучных по бруцеллёзу территориях Юга Европейской части России // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2022. Т. 99, № 1. С. 63–74. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-185</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maletskaya OV, Ponomarenko DG, Manin EA, et al. Brucellosis. The current state of the problem scientific publication. Onishchenko G.G., Kulichenko A.N., editors. Stavropol: Guberniya; 2019. 345 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малецкая О.В., Пономаренко Д.Г., Манин Е.А., и др. Бруцеллёз. Современное состояние проблемы научное издание / под ред. Г.Г. Онищенко, А.Н. Куличенко. Ставрополь: Губерния, 2019. 345 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulakov YuK. Molecular aspects of brucella persistence. Mol Gen Microbiol Virology. 2016;34(1):3–8. (In Russ). doi: 10.18821/0208-0613-2016-34-1-3-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулаков Ю.К. Молекулярные аспекты персистенции бруцелл // Молекулярная генетика, микробиология и вирусология. 2016. Т. 34, № 1. С. 3–8. doi: 10.18821/0208-0613-2016-34-1-3-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pappas G, Papadimitriou P, Akritidis N, et al. The new global map of human brucellosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(2):91–99. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70382-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pappas G., Papadimitriou P., Akritidis N., et al. The new global map of human brucellosis // Lancet Infect Dis. 2006. Vol. 6, N 2. Р. 91–99. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70382-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheludkov MM. Brucellosis in Russia: modern epidemiology and laboratory diagnostics [dissertation abstract]. Moscow; 2009. 50 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Желудков М.М. Бруцеллёз в России: современная эпидемиология и лабораторная диагностика: автореф. дис. … д-ра мед. наук. Москва, 2009. 50 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sannikova IV, Popov PN, Pavlova OM, et al. Brucellosis (clinic, diagnosis, treatment, organization of medical care): methodical manual for infectious diseases and general practitioners. Stavropol; 2015. 84 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Санникова И.В., Попов П.Н., Павлова О.М., и др. Бруцеллёз (клиника, диагностика, лечение, организация медицинской помощи): методическое пособие для врачей-инфекционистов и врачей общей практики. Ставрополь, 2015. 84 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Bonaventura G, Angeletti S, Ianni A, et al. Microbiological laboratory diagnosis of human brucellosis: an overview. Pathogens. 2021;10(12):1623. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10121623</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Bonaventura G., Angeletti S., Ianni A., et al. Microbiological laboratory diagnosis of human brucellosis: an overview // Pathogens. 2021. Vol. 10, N 12. Р. 1623. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10121623</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MUC 3.1.7.3402-16. Epidemiological surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis: Guidelines. Moscow: Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor; 2017. 60 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">МУК 3.1.7.3402-16. Эпидемиологический надзор и лабораторная диагностика бруцеллеза: методические указания. Москва: Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора, 2017. 60 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malov VA. Therapeutic masks of brucellosis. Pharmateca. 2011;(4):22–28. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малов В.А. Терапевтические маски бруцеллёза // Фарматека. 2011. № 4. С. 22–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baron EJ, Weinstein MP, Dunne WM, et al. Cumitech 1C. Blood cultures IV. Baron E.J., editor. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baron E.J., Weinstein M.P., Dunne W.M., et al. Cumitech 1C. Blood cultures IV. Baron E.J., editor. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yagupsky P. Use of the BACTEC MYCO/FLYTIC medium for detection of Brucella melitensis bacteremia. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42(5):2207–2208. doi: 10.1128/jcm.42.5.2207-2208.2004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yagupsky P. Use of the BACTEC MYCO/FLYTIC medium for detection of Brucella melitensis bacteremia // J Clin Microbiol. 2004. Vol. 42, N 5. Р. 2207–2208. doi: 10.1128/jcm.42.5.2207-2208.2004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sagi M, Nesher L, Yagupsky P. The Bactec FX blood culture system detects Brucellamelitensis bacteremia in adult patients within the routine 1-week incubation period. J Clin Microbiol. 2017; 55(3):942–946. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02320-16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sagi M., Nesher L., Yagupsky P. The Bactec FX blood culture system detects Brucella melitensis bacteremia in adult patients within the routine 1-week incubation period // J Clin Microbiol. 2017. Vol. 55, N 3. Р. 942–946. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02320-16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayaslioglu E, Kiliс D, Kaygusuz S, et al. The detection of Brucella spp. by BACTEC 9050 blood culture system. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2004;38:415–419. (In Turkish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayaslioglu E., Kiliс D., Kaygusuz S., et al. The detection of Brucella spp. by BACTEC 9050 blood culture system // Mikrobiyol Bul. 2004. Vol. 38, N 4. Р. 415–419. (In Turkish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Attas RA, Al-Khalifa M, Al-Qurashi AR, et al. Evaluation of PCR, culture and serology for the diagnosis of acute human brucellosis. Ann Saudi Med. 2000;20(3-4):224–228. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2000.224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Attas RA., Al-Khalifa M., Al-Qurashi A.R., et al. Evaluation of PCR, culture and serology for the diagnosis of acute human brucellosis // Ann Saudi Med. 2000. Vol. 20, N 3-4. Р. 224–228. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2000.224</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazemi S, Borzoueisileh S, Ebrahimpour S. Evaluation of brucellosis in patients and diagnostic tests. Online J Anim Feed Res. 2015;4(3):60–66. doi: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.3.92127</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazemi S., Borzoueisileh S., Ebrahimpour S. Evaluation of brucellosis in patients and diagnostic tests // Online J Anim Feed Res. 2015. Vol. 4, N 3. P. 60–66. doi: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.3.92127</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ratushna VG, Stugrill DM, Ramamoorthy S, et al. Molecular targets for rapid identification of Brucella spp. Bio Med Central Microbiology. 2006;6:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-6-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ratushna V.G., Stugrill D.M., Ramamoorthy S., et al. Molecular targets for rapid identification of Brucella spp // Bio Med Central Microbiology. 2006. Vol. 6. Р. 13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-6-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulakov YuK, Zheludkov MM, Tolmacheva TA, Tsirelson LE. The PCR method in laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis. Epidemiol Vaccination. 2010;(2):29–33. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулаков Ю.К., Желудков М.М., Толмачева Т.А., Цирельсон Л.Е. Метод ПЦР в лабораторной диагностике бруцеллеза // Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2010. № 2. С. 29–33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whatmore AM, Koylass MS, Muchowski J, et al. Extended multilocus sequence analysis to describe the global population structure of the genus Brucella: phylogeography and relationship to biovars. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:2049. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whatmore A.M., Koylass M.S., Muchowski J., et al. Extended multilocus sequence analysis to describe the global population structure of the genus Brucella: phylogeography and relationship to biovars // Front Microbiol. 2016. Vol. 7. Р. 2049. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gopaul KK, Koylass MS, Smith CJ, et al. Rapid identification of Brucella isolates to the species level by real time PCR based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. BMC Microbiology. 2008;8:86. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-86</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gopaul K.K., Koylass M.S., Smith C.J., et al. Rapid identification of Brucella isolates to the species level by real time PCR based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis // BMC Microbiology. 2008. Vol. 8. Р. 86. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-86</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al Dahouk S, Le Fleche P, Nockler K, et al. Evaluation of Brucella MLVA typing for human brucellosis. J Microbiol Methods. 2007;69(1):137–145. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.12.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al Dahouk S., Le Fleche P., Nockler K., et al. Evaluation of Brucella MLVA typing for human brucellosis // J Microbiol Methods. 2007. Vol. 69, N 1. Р. 137–145. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.12.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulakov YuK, Kovalev DA, Misetova EN, et al. The use of multiple locus variable tandem repeats analysis in the systematics of the causative agent of brucellosis. Mol Gen Microbiol Virology. 2012;30(2):30–34. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулаков Ю.К., Ковалев Д.А., Мисетова Е.Н., и др. Использование Multiple Locus Variable Tandem Repeats Analysis в систематике возбудителя бруцеллеза // Молекулярная генетика, микробиология и вирусология. 2012. Т. 30, № 2. С. 30–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vergnaud G, Hauck Y, Christiany D, et al. Genotypic expansion within the population structure of classical Brucella species revealed by MLVA16 typing of 1404 Brucella isolates from different animal and geographic origins, 1974–2006. Front Microbiol. 2018;9(8): 1253–1262. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01545</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vergnaud G., Hauck Y., Christiany D., et al. Genotypic expansion within the population structure of classical Brucella species revealed by MLVA16 typing of 1404 Brucella isolates from different animal and geographic origins, 1974–2006 // Front Microbiol. 2018. Vol. 9, N 8. Р. 1253–1262. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01545</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalev DA, Kuznetsova IV, Zhirov AM, et al. Genetic typing of Brucella melitensis strains based on the analysis of the variability of INDEL loci. Epidemiol Inf Dis. 2022;12(1):81–86. (In Russ). doi: 10.18565/epidem.2022.12.1.81-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалев Д.А., Кузнецова И.В., Жиров А.М., и др. Генетическое типирование штаммов Brucella melitensis на основе анализа вариабельности INDEL-локусов // Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. Актуальные вопросы. 2022. Т. 12, № 1. С. 81–86. doi: 10.18565/epidem.2022.12.1.81-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel R. MALDI-TOF MS for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Clin Chem. 2015;61(1):100–111. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.221770</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel R. MALDI-TOF MS for the diagnosis of infectious diseases // Clin Chem. 2015. Vol. 61, N 1. P. 100–111. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.221770</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lista F, Reubsaet FA, De Santis R, et al. Reliable identification at the species level of Brucella isolated with MALDI-TOF. BMC Microbiol. 2011;11:267. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-267</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lista F., Reubsaet F.A., De Santis R., et al. Reliable identification at the species level of Brucella isolated with MALDI-TOF // BMC Microbiol. 2011. Vol. 11. Р. 267. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-267</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karger A, Melzer F, Timke M, et al. Inter laboratory comparison of intact-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry results for identification and differentiation of Brucella spp. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(9):3123–3126. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01720-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karger A., Melzer F., Timke M., et al. Inter laboratory comparison of intact-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry results for identification and differentiation of Brucella spp. // J Clin Microbiol. 2013. Vol. 51, N 9. Р. 3123–3126. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01720-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sali M, De Maio F, Tarantino M, et al. Rapid and safe one-step extraction method for the identification of Brucella strains at genus and species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):e0197864. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197864</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sali M., De Maio F., Tarantino M., et al. Rapid and safe one-step extraction method for the identification of Brucella strains at genus and species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry // PLoS One. 2018. Vol. 13, N 6. Р. e0197864. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197864</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poonawala H, Marrs Conner T, Peaper DR. The brief case: misidentification of Brucella melitensis as Ochrobactrum anthropi by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). J Clin Microbio. 2018;l56(6):e00914-17. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00914-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poonawala H., Marrs Conner T., Peaper D.R. The brief case: misidentification of Brucella melitensis as Ochrobactrum anthropi by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) // J Clin Microbiol. 2018. Vol. 56, N 6. Р. e00914-17. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00914-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mesureur J, Arend S, Cellière B, et al. A MALDI-TOF MS database with broad genus coverage for species-level identification of Brucella. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(10):e0006874. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006874</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mesureur J., Arend S., Cellière B., et al. A MALDI-TOF MS database with broad genus coverage for species-level identification of Brucella // PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018. Vol. 12, N 10. Р. e0006874. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006874</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulshina DV, Kovalev OV, Bobrysheva, DG, et al. The use of time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of brucellosis and interspecific differentiation of Brucella spp. strains. Inf Diseases News Opinions Training. 2018;7(4):15–24. (In Russ). doi: 10.24411/2305-3496-2018-14002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ульшина Д.В., Ковалев О.В., Бобрышева, Д.Г., и др. Применение времяпролетной масс-спектрометрии для диагностики бруцеллеза и межвидовой дифференциации штаммов Brucella spp. // Инфекционные болезни: новости, мнения, обучение. 2018. Т. 7, № 4. С. 15–24. doi: 10.24411/2305-3496-2018-14002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al Dahouk S, Nöckler K. Implications of laboratory diagnosis on brucellosis therapy. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2011;9(7):833–845. doi: 10.1586/eri.11.55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al Dahouk S., Nöckler K. Implications of laboratory diagnosis on brucellosis therapy // Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2011. Vol. 9, N 7. Р. 833–845. doi: 10.1586/eri.11.55</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz-Mesa JD, Sánchez-Gonzalez J, Reguera JM, et al. Rose Bengal test: diagnostic yield and use for the rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis in emergency departments in endemic areas. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11(3):221–225. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01063.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz-Mesa J.D., Sánchez-Gonzalez J., Reguera J.M., et al. Rose Bengal test: diagnostic yield and use for the rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis in emergency departments in endemic areas // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005. Vol. 11, N 3. Р. 221–225. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01063.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mantur B, Parande A, Amarnath S, et al. ELISA versus conventional methods of diagnosing endemic brucellosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83(2):314–318. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0790</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mantur B., Parande A., Amarnath S., et al. ELISA versus conventional methods of diagnosing endemic brucellosis // Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010. Vol. 83, N 2. P. 314–318. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0790</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osoba AO, Balkhy H, Memish Z, et al. Diagnostic value of Brucella ELISA IgG and IgM in bacteremic and non-bacteremic patients with brucellosis. J Chem. 2001;13(Suppl. 1):54–59. doi: 10.1080/1120009x.2001.11782330</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osoba A.O., Balkhy H., Memish Z., et al. Diagnostic value of Brucella ELISA IgG and IgM in bacteremic and non-bacteremic patients with brucellosis // J Chem. 2001. Vol. 13, Suppl. 1. P. 54–59. doi: 10.1080/1120009x.2001.11782330</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konopleva MV. Development of an automated quantitative agglutination test (ACAT) and its application for immunodetection of pathogens and diagnosis of infections [dissertation abstract]. Moscow; 2007. 42 р. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коноплева М.В. Разработка автоматизированного количественного агглютинационного теста (АКАТ) и его применение для иммунодетекции возбудителей и диагностики инфекций: автореф. дис. … канд. биол. наук. Москва, 2007. 42 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Weck AL, Sanz ML, Gamboa PM, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity syndrome: a multicenter study. II. Basophil activation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its impact on pathogenesis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010;20(1):39–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Weck A.L., Sanz M.L., Gamboa P.M., et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity syndrome: a multicenter study. II. Basophil activation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its impact on pathogenesis // J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010. Vol. 20, N 1. P. 39–57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko DG, Logvinenko OV, Sarkisyan NS, et al. A new approach to the allergodiagnosis of brucellosis. Inf Immunity. 2013;3(1):89–92. (In Russ). doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2013-1-89-92</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко Д.Г., Логвиненко О.В., Саркисян Н.С., и др. Новый подход к аллергодиагностике бруцеллёза // Инфекция и иммунитет. 2013. Т. 3, № 1. С. 89–92. doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2013-1-89-92</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarkisyan NS, Ponomarenko DG, Logvinenko OV, et al. Intensity of specific sensitization and immune status in patients with brucellosis. Med Immunol. 2016;18(4):365–372. (In Russ). doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2016-4-365-372</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саркисян Н.С., Пономаренко Д.Г., Логвиненко О.В., и др. Интенсивность специфической сенсибилизации и иммунный статус у больных бруцеллезом // Медицинская иммунология. 2016. Т. 18, № 4. С. 365–372. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-2016-4-365-372</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostyuchenko MV, Ponomarenko DG, Rakitina EL, et al. The prospect of assessing the antigen reactivity of lymphocytes in vitro for the diagnosis of acute brucellosis. Inf Immunity. 2017;7(1):91–96. (In Russ). doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2017-1-91-96</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костюченко М.В., Пономаренко Д.Г., Ракитина Е.Л., и др. Перспектива оценки антигенреактивности лимфоцитов in vitro для диагностики острого бруцеллёза // Инфекция и иммунитет. 2017. Т. 7, № 1. С. 91–96. doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2017-1-91-96</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholz HC, Vergnaud G. Molecular characterisation of Brucella species. Rev Sci Tech. 2013;32(1):149–162. doi: 10.20506/rst.32.1.2189</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholz H.C., Vergnaud G. Molecular characterisation of Brucella species // Rev Sci Tech. 2013. Vol. 32, N 1. Р. 149–162. doi: 10.20506/rst.32.1.2189</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zerva L, Bourantas K, Mitka S, et al. Serum is the preferred clinical specimen for diagnosis of human brucellosis by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(4):1661–1664. doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1661-1664.2001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zerva L., Bourantas K., Mitka S., et al. Serum is the preferred clinical specimen for diagnosis of human brucellosis by PCR // J Clin Microbiol. 2001. Vol. 39, N 4. Р. 1661–1664. doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1661-1664.2001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanjuan-Jimenez R, Colmenero JD, Morata P. Lessons learned with molecular methods targeting the BCSP-31 membrane protein for diagnosis of human brucellosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2017;469:1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanjuan-Jimenez R., Colmenero J.D., Morata P. Lessons learned with molecular methods targeting the BCSP-31 membrane protein for diagnosis of human brucellosis // Clin Chim Acta. 2017. Vol. 469. Р. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kattar MM, Zalloua PA, Araj GF, et al. Development and evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays on whole blood and paraffin embedded tissues for rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;59(1):23–32. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.04.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kattar M.M., Zalloua P.A., Araj G.F., et al. Development and evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays on whole blood and paraffin embedded tissues for rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis // Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007. Vol. 59, N 1. Р. 23–32. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.04.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitka S, Anetakis C, Souliou E, et al. Evaluation of different PCR assays for early detection of acute and relapsing brucellosis in humans in comparison with conventional methods. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(4):1211–1218. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00010-06</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitka S., Anetakis C., Souliou E., et al. Evaluation of different PCR assays for early detection of acute and relapsing brucellosis in humans in comparison with conventional methods // J Clin Microbiol. 2007. Vol. 45, N 4. Р. 1211–1218. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00010-06</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Kholy AA, Gomaa HE, El Anany MG, El Abd Rasheed E. Diagnosis of human brucellosis in Egypt by polymerase chain reaction. East Mediterr Health J. 2009;15(5):1068–1074. doi: 10.26719/2009.15.5.1068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Kholy A.A., Gomaa H.E., El Anany M.G., et al. Diagnosis of human brucellosis in Egypt by polymerase chain reaction // East Mediterr Health J. 2009. Vol. 15, N 5. Р. 1068–1074. doi: 10.26719/2009.15.5.1068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baddour MM, Alkhalifa DH. Evaluation of three polymerase chain reaction techniques for detection of Brucella DNA in peripheral human blood. Can J Microbiol. 2008;54(5):352–357. doi: 10.1139/w08-017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baddour M.M., Alkhalifa D.H. Evaluation of three polymerase chain reaction techniques for detection of Brucella DNA in peripheral human blood // Can J Microbiol. 2008. Vol. 54, N 5. Р. 352–357. doi: 10.1139/w08-017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Nakkas AF, Wright SG, Mustafa AS, Wilson S. Single-tube, nested PCR for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in Kuwait. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002;96(4):397–403. doi: 10.1179/000349802125001203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Nakkas A.F., Wright S.G., Mustafa A.S., Wilson S. Single-tube, nested PCR for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in Kuwait // Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002. Vol. 96, N 4. Р. 397–403. doi: 10.1179/000349802125001203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bounaadja L, Albert D, Chénais B, et al. Real-time PCR for identification of Brucella spp: a comparative study of IS711, bcsp31, and per target genes. Vet Microbiol. 2009;137(1-2):156–164. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.12.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bounaadja L., Albert D., Chénais B., et al. Real-time PCR for identification of Brucella spp.: a comparative study of IS711, bcsp31, and per target genes // Vet Microbiol. 2009. Vol. 137, N 1-2. Р. 156–164. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.12.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanjuan-Jimenez R, Colmenero JD, Morata P. Lessons learned with molecular methods targeting the BCSP-31 membrane protein for diagnosis of human brucellosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2017;469:1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanjuan-Jimenez R., Colmenero J.D., Morata P. Lessons learned with molecular methods targeting the BCSP-31 membrane protein for diagnosis of human brucellosis // Clin Chim Acta. 2017. Vol. 469. Р. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">López-Goñi I, García-Yoldi D, Marín CM, et al. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay (Bruce-ladder) for molecular typing of all Brucella species, including the vaccine strains. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(10):3484–3487. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00837-08</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">López-Goñi I., García-Yoldi D., Marín C.M., et al. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay (Bruce-ladder) for molecular typing of all Brucella species, including the vaccine strains // J Clin Microbiol. 2008. Vol. 46, N 10. Р. 3484–3487. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00837-08</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colmenero JD, Reguera JM, Martos F, et al. Complications associated with Brucella melitensis infection: a study of 530 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1996;75(4):195–211. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199607000-00003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colmenero J.D., Reguera J.M., Martos F., et al. Complications associated with Brucella melitensis infection: a study of 530 cases // Medicine (Baltimore). 1996. Vol. 75, N 4. Р. 195–211. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199607000-00003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buzgan T, Karahocagil MK, Irmak H, et al. Clinical manifestations and complications in 1028 cases of brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation and review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14(6):e469–e478. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.06.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buzgan T., Karahocagil M.K., Irmak H., et al. Clinical manifestations and complications in 1028 cases of brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation and review of the literature // Int J Infect Dis. 2010. Vol. 14, N 6. Р. e469–e478. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.06.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morata P, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Reguera JM, et al. Diagnostic yield of a PCR assay in focal complications of brucellosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(10):3743–3746. doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3743-3746.2001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morata P., Queipo-Ortuño M.I., Reguera J.M., et al. Diagnostic yield of a PCR assay in focal complications of brucellosis // J Clin Microbiol. 2001. Vol. 39, N 10. Р. 3743–3746. doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3743-3746.2001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li M, Zhou X, Li J, et al. Real-time PCR assays for diagnosing brucellar spondylitis using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(9):e0062. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li M., Zhou X., Li J., et al. Real-time PCR assays for diagnosing brucellar spondylitis using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues // Medicine (Baltimore). 2018. Vol. 97, N 9. Р. e0062. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanjuan-Jimenez R, Colmenero JD, Bermúdez P, et al. Amplicon DNA melting analysis for the simultaneous detection of Brucella spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Potential use in rapid differential diagnosis between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and focal complications of brucellosis. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58353. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058353</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanjuan-Jimenez R., Colmenero J.D., Bermúdez P., et al. Amplicon DNA melting analysis for the simultaneous detection of Brucella spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Potential use in rapid differential diagnosis between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and focal complications of brucellosis // PLoS One. 2013. Vol. 8, N 3. Р. e58353. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vrioni G, Gartzonika C, Kostoula A, et al. Application of a polymerase chain reaction enzyme immunoassay in peripheral whole blood and serum specimens for diagnosis of acute human brucellosis. Eur J ClinMicrobiol Infect Dis. 2004;23(3):194–199. doi: 10.1007/s10096-003-1082-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vrioni G., Gartzonika C., Kostoula A., et al. Application of a polymerase chain reaction enzyme immunoassay in peripheral whole blood and serum specimens for diagnosis of acute human brucellosis // Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004. Vol. 23, N 3. Р. 194–199. doi: 10.1007/s10096-003-1082-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Queipo-Ortuño MI, Colmenero JD, Reguera JM, et al. Rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis by SYBR green I-based real-time PCR assay and melting curve analysis in serum samples. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11(9):713–718. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01202.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Queipo-Ortuño M.I., Colmenero J.D., Reguera J.M., et al. Rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis by SYBR green I-based real-time PCR assay and melting curve analysis in serum samples // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005. Vol. 11, N 9. Р. 713–718. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01202.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debeaumont C, Falconnet PA, Maurin M. Real-time PCR for detection of Brucella spp. DNA in human serum samples. Eur J ClinMicrobiol Infect Dis. 2005;24(12):842–845. doi: 10.1007/s10096-005-0064-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debeaumont C., Falconnet P.A., Maurin M. Real-time PCR for detection of Brucella spp. DNA in human serum samples // Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005. Vol. 24, N 12. Р. 842–845. doi: 10.1007/s10096-005-0064-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surucuoglu S, El S, Ural S, et al. Evaluation of real-time PCR method for rapid diagnosis of brucellosis with different clinical manifestations. Pol J Microbiol. 2009;58(1):15–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Surucuoglu S., El S., Ural S., et al. Evaluation of real-time PCR method for rapid diagnosis of brucellosis with different clinical manifestations // Pol J Microbiol. 2009. Vol. 58, N 1. Р. 15–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Queipo-Ortuño MI, Colmenero JD, Baeza G, Morata P. Comparison between light cycler real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with serum and PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with whole blood samples for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(2):260–264. doi: 10.1086/426818</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Queipo-Ortuño M.I., Colmenero J.D., Baeza G., Morata P. Comparison between Light Cycler real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with serum and PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with whole blood samples for the diagnosis of human brucellosis // Clin Infect Dis. 2005. Vol. 40, N 2. Р. 260–264. doi: 10.1086/426818</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
