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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-2007</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-2015</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">105289</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/EID105289</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Malignant course of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in the new coronavirus infection COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Злокачественное течение инвазивного лёгочного аспергиллёза при новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-8768</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2066-2690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeeva</surname><given-names>Marina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеева</surname><given-names>Марина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>avdeevam@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-6884</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5869-2066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozgaleva</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мозгалёва</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>mozgalevanv@ikb2.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-3402</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8054-5634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parkhomenko</surname><given-names>Yury G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пархоменко</surname><given-names>Юрий Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>parhomenkoyg@ikb2.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical infectious diseases hospital No. 2</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Инфекционная клиническая больница № 2</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology named after academician A.P. Avtsyn</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-04-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-24"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-29"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-03-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/105289">https://rjeid.com/1560-9529/article/view/105289</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Respiratory infections caused by fungal pathogens are the main cause of death in immunocompromised patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the registration of respiratory fungal pathology, especially pulmonary aspergillosis, has increased significantly.</p> <p>We present a histopathologically confirmed case of fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating COVID-19. A 65-year-old patient with long-term diabetes backgrounded with a severe course of COVID-19 (the virus was identified ICD-10 code U07.1) described. During the illness bilateral polysegmental pneumonia of fungal-bacterial (<italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</italic>) etiology with necrosis and sequestration of the affected tissue the lower lobe of the right lung with the formation of a “fungal ball” and the development of a right-sided pneumothorax was developed. In other parts of both lungs, focal destruction of the interalveolar septa was determined with the formation of small cavities filled with detritus and accumulations of segmented neutrophils, with the proliferation of fungal mycelium, positively stained in the PAS reaction. Fungal hyphae and conidial heads were also found in the lumens of individual bronchi and vessels with invasion of their walls. Long-term (more than one month) course of the disease, clinical and radiological dynamics, and detection of a forming connective tissue capsule along the periphery of the necrosis zone during microscopy testifies in favor of the subacute nature of the infection.</p> <p>The presented clinical case, as well as a review of current publications and meta-analyses on invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, point to diagnostic problems and poor outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with COVID-19.</p> <p>Pulmonary aspergillosis associated with COVID-19 is a serious and potentially life ― threatening complication in patients with severe COVID-19 receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Early diagnosis of fungal infections is crucial to ensure the survival of such patients. Targeted biopsy examination with microscopy and/or seeding of a lung biopsy allows not only to establish the diagnosis of aspergillosis, but also to determine the presence of tissue invasion.</p> <p>Further research should include approaches aimed at developing an effective diagnosis of fungal tissue invasion and respiratory tract damage, determining the patient’s immune status in order to conduct personalized immunotherapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Респираторные инфекции, вызванные грибковыми патогенами, являются основной причиной смерти пациентов с ослабленным иммунитетом. За время пандемии COVID-19 существенно возросла регистрация респираторной грибковой патологии, в особенности лёгочного аспергиллёза.</p> <p>В статье представлен гистопатологически подтверждённый случай летального исхода вследствие инвазивного лёгочного аспергиллёза, осложнившего течение COVID-19. У больной в возрасте 65 лет, длительно страдавшей сахарным диабетом, на фоне тяжёлого течения COVID-19 (вирус идентифицирован; код по МКБ-10 U07.1) развилась двусторонняя полисегментарная пневмония грибково-бактериальной (<italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</italic>) этиологии с некрозом и секвестрацией поражённой ткани нижней доли правого лёгкого с формированием «грибкового шара» и развитием правостороннего пневмоторакса. В других отделах обоих лёгких определялась очаговая деструкция межальвеолярных перегородок с образованием мелких полостей, заполненных детритом и скоплениями сегментоядерных нейтрофилов, с пролиферацией мицелия грибов, положительно окрашиваемого при ШИК-реакции. Грибковые гифы и конидиальные головки также были обнаружены в простветах отдельных бронхов и сосудов с инвазией их стенок. Длительное (более одного месяца) течение заболевания, клинико-рентгенологическая динамика и обнаруженная при микроскопии формирующаяся соединительнотканная капсула по периферии зоны некроза свидетельствовали в пользу подострого характера инфекции.</p> <p>Приведённый клинический случай, а также обзор современных публикаций и метаанализов, посвящённых инвазивному лёгочному аспергиллёзу, указывают на диагностические проблемы и неблагоприятные исходы инфекционного поражения лёгочной паренхимы у пациентов с COVID-19, заставляя по-новому взглянуть на значимость грибковой флоры в патологии дыхательных путей.</p> <p>Лёгочный аспергиллёз, связанный с COVID-19, ― серьёзное и потенциально опасное для жизни осложнение у пациентов с тяжёлой формой COVID-19, получающих иммуносупрессивное лечение. Ранняя диагностика грибковых инфекций имеет решающее значение для обеспечения выживания таких больных. Прицельное биопсийное исследование с микроскопией и (или) посевом биоптата лёгкого позволяет не только установить диагноз аспергиллёза, но и определить наличие тканевой инвазии.</p> <p>Дальнейшие исследования должны включать подходы, направленные на разработку эффективной диагностики грибковой инвазии тканей и поражения дыхательных путей, определения иммунного статуса пациента с целью проведения персонализированной иммунотерапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>new coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>invasive pulmonary aspergillosis</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>инвазивный лёгочный аспергиллёз</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avdeeva MG, Kulbuzheva MI, Zotov SV, et al. 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