Клеточная терапия и биоматериалы: современные подходы в лечении травмы спинного мозга

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Аннотация

Травма спинного мозга (ТСМ) – патология с комплексным патогенезом, на сегодняшний день не имеющая полноценной стратегии лечения. Среди развивающихся методов лечения перспективным вариантом считается комбинированный подход, который заключается в использовании каркасов из биоматериалов для доставки как самих клеток, так и лекарственных средств к поврежденному участку спинного мозга (СМ). Одиночная клеточная терапия малоэффективна, но скаффолды на основе биоматериалов способны ограничить трансплантируемые клетки от агрессивного микроокружения очага травмы, а также обеспечить необходимый каркас для адгезии и дальнейшей интеграции клеток в нервную ткань реципиента. Современные подходы в области клеточной и органоидной терапии совместно с “умными” биоматериалами, способными изменять свои свойства в ответ на определенные стимулы, открывают широкие возможности в области терапии ТСМ. Настоящий обзор стремится охватить все актуальные данные в области новых методов лечения ТСМ с использованием клеточной терапии и биоматериалов, а также их комбинаций. В работе описаны достоинства и недостатки различных типов клеточных трансплантатов, включая менее распространенные, представлен метод трансплантации органоидов мозга, а также выделены наиболее часто используемые типы скаффолдов, отобранные по механическим свойствам и 3D-архитектуре.

Об авторах

К. А. Арсентьев

Научный центр генетики и наук о жизни, направление “Нейробиология”, научно-технологический университет “Сириус”

Федеральная территория Сириус, Россия

В. С. Штоль

Научный центр генетики и наук о жизни, направление “Нейробиология”, научно-технологический университет “Сириус”

Федеральная территория Сириус, Россия

С. П. Коновалова

Научный центр генетики и наук о жизни, направление “Нейробиология”, научно-технологический университет “Сириус”

Федеральная территория Сириус, Россия

А. Д. Царева

Научный центр генетики и наук о жизни, направление “Нейробиология”, научно-технологический университет “Сириус”

Федеральная территория Сириус, Россия

Д. А. Иванов

Научный центр генетики и наук о жизни, направление “Нейробиология”, научно-технологический университет “Сириус”

Федеральная территория Сириус, Россия

П. Е. Мусиенко

Научный центр генетики и наук о жизни, направление “Нейробиология”, научно-технологический университет “Сириус”; Институт трансляционной биомедицины, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Life Improvement by Future Technologies Center “LIFT”

Email: musienko.pe@talantiuspeh.ru
Федеральная территория Сириус, Россия; Санкт-Петербург, Россия; Москва, Россия

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